
【計】 Fermat
charge; cost; expenses; fee; spend
【醫】 fee
【經】 fee
equine; gee; horse; horseflesh; neddy; steed
【醫】 hippo-
"Fermat" in Chinese-English Dictionary Context
The term "費馬" (Fèi mǎ) in Chinese primarily refers toPierre de Fermat (1607–1665), a French mathematician renowned for his foundational contributions to number theory, probability, and optics. In the context of a Chinese-English dictionary, "費馬" is translated as"Fermat", often associated with his theorems and principles that shaped modern mathematics.
Fermat's Last Theorem
Fermat's most famous conjecture, later proven as a theorem, states that no three positive integers ( a, b, c ) can satisfy the equation ( a^n + b^n = c^n ) for any integer ( n > 2 ). This problem remained unsolved for over 350 years, significantly influencing algebraic number theory.
Fermat's Principle of Least Time
In optics, Fermat proposed that light travels between two points along the path requiring the least time, a principle later refined using calculus. This became a cornerstone of geometric optics.
Fermat's Little Theorem
A key result in number theory, it states that if ( p ) is a prime number, then for any integer ( a ), ( a^p equiv a mod p ). This theorem underpins modern cryptography algorithms.
Probabilistic Foundations
Fermat collaborated with Blaise Pascal on probability theory, developing frameworks for analyzing games of chance and decision-making under uncertainty.
Authoritative References
費馬(Pierre de Fermat,1601–1665)是17世紀法國數學家,被譽為“業餘數學家之王”。他的數學成就對解析幾何、概率論、數論等領域産生了深遠影響。以下從人物背景、主要貢獻和代表理論三方面詳細解釋:
費馬出生于富裕家庭,本職為律師和圖盧茲議會官員。盡管從事法律工作,他将業餘時間投入數學研究,并與笛卡爾、帕斯卡等學者保持學術交流。其獨特的思維方式和自由探索精神,使得他在未接受專業數學訓練的情況下取得突破性成果。
數論奠基
提出著名的費馬大定理(當整數$n>2$時,方程$x^n + y^n = z^n$無正整數解),這一問題困擾數學界358年,直至1994年由安德魯·懷爾斯證明。
解析幾何先驅
早于笛卡爾7年發現解析幾何基本原理,通過方程研究軌迹性質,完成著作《平面與立體軌迹引論》。
概率論開創
與帕斯卡共同研究賭資分配問題,奠定概率論基礎。
幾何學創新
提出費馬點(三角形内到三頂點距離之和最小的點)和費馬原理(光傳播的最短路徑原理)。
費馬的研究方法強調簡潔性與獨立性,主張數學應作為獨立學科自由發展。他的定理和猜想持續推動着現代數學發展,例如橢圓曲線理論與模形式的研究便源自對費馬大定理的證明嘗試。其生平也展現了業餘學者如何通過純粹熱愛推動科學進步。
注:費馬數(形如$F_n=2^{2^n}+1$)雖以他命名,但實際由歐拉證明$F_5$并非素數。
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