慢性脊髓灰質炎英文解釋翻譯、慢性脊髓灰質炎的近義詞、反義詞、例句

英語翻譯：

【醫】 chronic poliomyelitis

分詞翻譯：

慢的英語翻譯：

defer; slow; supercilious; tardiness

脊髓灰質炎的英語翻譯：

【醫】 acute wasting paralysis; central myelitis; infantile paralysis; polio
poliomyelitis; spodiomyelitis; tephromyelitis

專業解析

Chronic poliomyelitis, also known as post-polio syndrome (PPS), is a neurological disorder characterized by the delayed appearance of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in individuals who previously recovered from acute poliovirus infection. This condition typically manifests decades after the initial infection, involving the degeneration of surviving motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord .

Key medical features include:

Pathogenesis: Damage to lower motor neurons leads to impaired neuromuscular transmission and denervation. Residual motor units undergo compensatory hypertrophy, followed by gradual failure due to prolonged metabolic stress .
Clinical Presentation: Common symptoms encompass new-onset muscle weakness, fatigue, joint pain, and cold intolerance. Bulbar involvement may cause dysphagia or respiratory insufficiency .
Diagnostic Criteria: Requires documented history of acute poliomyelitis, partial neurological recovery, and stable period of ≥15 years before symptom recurrence. Electromyography shows chronic denervation with reinnervation patterns .

The World Health Organization recognizes PPS as a distinct clinical entity affecting 25-40% of polio survivors, with onset typically occurring between 30-40 years post-infection. Current management focuses on energy conservation, physical therapy, and respiratory support when indicated .

網絡擴展解釋

脊髓灰質炎本身是一種由病毒引起的急性傳染病，而“慢性脊髓灰質炎”并非規範的醫學術語，可能指疾病的後遺症階段或脊髓灰質炎病毒感染後的長期影響。以下結合權威資料分點說明：

1.急性脊髓灰質炎的特征

脊髓灰質炎病毒主要侵犯脊髓前角運動神經元，導緻急性感染。臨床表現為：

早期症狀：發熱、咽痛、肢體疼痛、胃腸道不適等。
癱瘓風險：約1%的感染者會出現不可逆的弛緩性癱瘓，以下肢多見，嚴重者因呼吸肌麻痹死亡。

2.後遺症期與“慢性”表現

若癱瘓症狀持續1-2年未恢複，則進入後遺症期，可能伴隨：

肌肉萎縮和畸形：因長期癱瘓導緻肢體活動受限，肌肉逐漸萎縮，關節變形（如馬蹄足）。
脊髓灰質炎後綜合征：約25%-35年後，部分患者出現進行性肌無力、疼痛、疲勞等，可能與神經元持續退化有關。

3.治療與預防

急性期：以對症支持為主，如維持呼吸、補液、康複治療等。
後遺症期：需物理治療、矯形手術等改善功能。
預防關鍵：接種疫苗（口服減毒活疫苗或滅活疫苗）可有效阻斷傳播。

“慢性脊髓灰質炎”更準确的說法應為脊髓灰質炎後遺症或脊髓灰質炎後綜合征，屬于疾病導緻的長期影響，而非慢性感染過程。及時接種疫苗仍是防控核心。