慢性脊髓灰质炎英文解释翻译、慢性脊髓灰质炎的近义词、反义词、例句

英语翻译：

【医】 chronic poliomyelitis

分词翻译：

慢的英语翻译：

defer; slow; supercilious; tardiness

脊髓灰质炎的英语翻译：

【医】 acute wasting paralysis; central myelitis; infantile paralysis; polio
poliomyelitis; spodiomyelitis; tephromyelitis

专业解析

Chronic poliomyelitis, also known as post-polio syndrome (PPS), is a neurological disorder characterized by the delayed appearance of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in individuals who previously recovered from acute poliovirus infection. This condition typically manifests decades after the initial infection, involving the degeneration of surviving motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord .

Key medical features include:

Pathogenesis: Damage to lower motor neurons leads to impaired neuromuscular transmission and denervation. Residual motor units undergo compensatory hypertrophy, followed by gradual failure due to prolonged metabolic stress .
Clinical Presentation: Common symptoms encompass new-onset muscle weakness, fatigue, joint pain, and cold intolerance. Bulbar involvement may cause dysphagia or respiratory insufficiency .
Diagnostic Criteria: Requires documented history of acute poliomyelitis, partial neurological recovery, and stable period of ≥15 years before symptom recurrence. Electromyography shows chronic denervation with reinnervation patterns .

The World Health Organization recognizes PPS as a distinct clinical entity affecting 25-40% of polio survivors, with onset typically occurring between 30-40 years post-infection. Current management focuses on energy conservation, physical therapy, and respiratory support when indicated .

网络扩展解释

脊髓灰质炎本身是一种由病毒引起的急性传染病，而“慢性脊髓灰质炎”并非规范的医学术语，可能指疾病的后遗症阶段或脊髓灰质炎病毒感染后的长期影响。以下结合权威资料分点说明：

1.急性脊髓灰质炎的特征

脊髓灰质炎病毒主要侵犯脊髓前角运动神经元，导致急性感染。临床表现为：

早期症状：发热、咽痛、肢体疼痛、胃肠道不适等。
瘫痪风险：约1%的感染者会出现不可逆的弛缓性瘫痪，以下肢多见，严重者因呼吸肌麻痹死亡。

2.后遗症期与“慢性”表现

若瘫痪症状持续1-2年未恢复，则进入后遗症期，可能伴随：

肌肉萎缩和畸形：因长期瘫痪导致肢体活动受限，肌肉逐渐萎缩，关节变形（如马蹄足）。
脊髓灰质炎后综合征：约25%-35年后，部分患者出现进行性肌无力、疼痛、疲劳等，可能与神经元持续退化有关。

3.治疗与预防

急性期：以对症支持为主，如维持呼吸、补液、康复治疗等。
后遗症期：需物理治疗、矫形手术等改善功能。
预防关键：接种疫苗（口服减毒活疫苗或灭活疫苗）可有效阻断传播。

“慢性脊髓灰质炎”更准确的说法应为脊髓灰质炎后遗症或脊髓灰质炎后综合征，属于疾病导致的长期影响，而非慢性感染过程。及时接种疫苗仍是防控核心。