对流层英文解释翻译、对流层的近义词、反义词、例句
英语翻译:
troposphere
【医】 troposphere
相关词条:
1.convectionzone 2.convectionlayer 3.troposphericwaves
分词翻译:
对流的英语翻译:
convection
【化】 convection
【医】 convection; convection current
层的英语翻译:
layer; region; stage; story; stratum; tier
【计】 layer
【医】 coat; lamella; lamellae; lamina; laminae; layer; strata; stratum
专业解析
The troposphere (Chinese: 对流层; pinyin: Duìliú céng) is the lowest and most dynamic layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the planetary surface to an average altitude of 8-15 km depending on latitude. This atmospheric stratum derives its name from the Greek words "tropos" (turning) and "sphaira" (sphere), reflecting its characteristic vertical convection currents driven by solar heating.
Key characteristics include:
- Temperature gradient: Exhibits a vertical decrease of approximately 6.5°C per kilometer ($$frac{partial T}{partial z} ≈ -6.5°C/km$$), as documented by the China Meteorological Administration[^CMA].
- Weather systems: Hosts all terrestrial meteorological phenomena including cloud formation, precipitation, and atmospheric turbulence due to water vapor concentration and air mass interactions[^NWS].
- Composition: Contains 75-80% of atmospheric mass and 99% of water vapor, with nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) as primary constituents[^WMO].
- Tropopause boundary: The upper limit marked by temperature inversion, transitioning to the stratosphere at -56.5°C according to radiosonde measurements[^AMS].
[^CMA]: China Meteorological Administration. (2024). Atmospheric Structure Handbook.
[^NWS]: National Weather Service. (2023). Tropospheric Dynamics Report.
[^WMO]: World Meteorological Organization. (2025). Global Atmosphere Watch Technical Note.
[^AMS]: American Meteorological Society. (2024). Journal of Atmospheric Sciences.
网络扩展解释
对流层是地球大气层中最靠近地表的一层,其特点和功能如下:
1.基本特征
- 高度范围:平均厚度约12公里,赤道地区可达18公里,两极仅约8公里。这一差异主要由地球自转和太阳辐射分布不均导致。
- 温度变化:气温随高度增加而递减,平均每升高1公里下降约6.5°C(称为气温垂直递减率)。主要因地面是主要热源,高空吸收热量较少。
2.天气活动中心
- 对流运动:地表受热不均引发空气垂直运动,形成风、云、雨、雪等天气现象。例如,暖空气上升冷却后凝结成云,可能发展为降水。
- 水汽与尘埃:集中了大气中约75%的水汽和尘埃颗粒,为云的形成和能量交换提供基础。
3.与人类活动的关系
- 航空影响:民航飞机通常在对流层顶(高度约8-15公里)附近飞行,以避开复杂天气。
- 污染物扩散:对流运动促进污染物垂直混合,但也可能将污染物输送至远距离区域。
4.分层边界
- 对流层顶:与平流层的过渡带,此处温度停止下降甚至逆增,抑制空气的垂直运动,成为天气系统的“天花板”。
补充说明
对流层的动态特性使其成为气象学研究核心,其能量交换和物质循环直接影响全球气候与生态。
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