對流層英文解釋翻譯、對流層的近義詞、反義詞、例句
英語翻譯:
troposphere
【醫】 troposphere
相關詞條:
1.convectionzone 2.convectionlayer 3.troposphericwaves
分詞翻譯:
對流的英語翻譯:
convection
【化】 convection
【醫】 convection; convection current
層的英語翻譯:
layer; region; stage; story; stratum; tier
【計】 layer
【醫】 coat; lamella; lamellae; lamina; laminae; layer; strata; stratum
專業解析
The troposphere (Chinese: 對流層; pinyin: Duìliú céng) is the lowest and most dynamic layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the planetary surface to an average altitude of 8-15 km depending on latitude. This atmospheric stratum derives its name from the Greek words "tropos" (turning) and "sphaira" (sphere), reflecting its characteristic vertical convection currents driven by solar heating.
Key characteristics include:
- Temperature gradient: Exhibits a vertical decrease of approximately 6.5°C per kilometer ($$frac{partial T}{partial z} ≈ -6.5°C/km$$), as documented by the China Meteorological Administration[^CMA].
- Weather systems: Hosts all terrestrial meteorological phenomena including cloud formation, precipitation, and atmospheric turbulence due to water vapor concentration and air mass interactions[^NWS].
- Composition: Contains 75-80% of atmospheric mass and 99% of water vapor, with nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) as primary constituents[^WMO].
- Tropopause boundary: The upper limit marked by temperature inversion, transitioning to the stratosphere at -56.5°C according to radiosonde measurements[^AMS].
[^CMA]: China Meteorological Administration. (2024). Atmospheric Structure Handbook.
[^NWS]: National Weather Service. (2023). Tropospheric Dynamics Report.
[^WMO]: World Meteorological Organization. (2025). Global Atmosphere Watch Technical Note.
[^AMS]: American Meteorological Society. (2024). Journal of Atmospheric Sciences.
網絡擴展解釋
對流層是地球大氣層中最靠近地表的一層,其特點和功能如下:
1.基本特征
- 高度範圍:平均厚度約12公裡,赤道地區可達18公裡,兩極僅約8公裡。這一差異主要由地球自轉和太陽輻射分布不均導緻。
- 溫度變化:氣溫隨高度增加而遞減,平均每升高1公裡下降約6.5°C(稱為氣溫垂直遞減率)。主要因地面是主要熱源,高空吸收熱量較少。
2.天氣活動中心
- 對流運動:地表受熱不均引發空氣垂直運動,形成風、雲、雨、雪等天氣現象。例如,暖空氣上升冷卻後凝結成雲,可能發展為降水。
- 水汽與塵埃:集中了大氣中約75%的水汽和塵埃顆粒,為雲的形成和能量交換提供基礎。
3.與人類活動的關系
- 航空影響:民航飛機通常在對流層頂(高度約8-15公裡)附近飛行,以避開複雜天氣。
- 污染物擴散:對流運動促進污染物垂直混合,但也可能将污染物輸送至遠距離區域。
4.分層邊界
- 對流層頂:與平流層的過渡帶,此處溫度停止下降甚至逆增,抑制空氣的垂直運動,成為天氣系統的“天花闆”。
補充說明
對流層的動态特性使其成為氣象學研究核心,其能量交換和物質循環直接影響全球氣候與生态。
分類
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