气管扩张英文解释翻译、气管扩张的近义词、反义词、例句

英语翻译：

【医】 tracheaectasy

分词翻译：

气管的英语翻译：

trachea; weasand; windpipe
【医】 air-tube; trachea; tracheo-; weasand; windpipe

扩张的英语翻译：

dilate; expand; outspread; overspread
【计】 dilatation
【医】 dilatation; dilation; distention; ectasia; ectasis; ectasy; eury-
eurysma; expansion; stretch

专业解析

Tracheal ectasia, commonly referred to as tracheobronchomegaly in medical terminology, is a rare respiratory condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the trachea and main bronchi. This pathological expansion is attributed to structural weakness in the cartilaginous and muscular layers of the airway walls, often leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and recurrent infections. Clinically, patients may present with chronic cough, dyspnea, and increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Diagnosis typically relies on radiographic imaging such as CT scans, which reveal tracheal diameters exceeding normal limits (≥3 cm in adults).

From a lexicographical perspective, the Chinese term "气管扩张" (qìguǎn kuòzhāng) directly translates to "tracheal dilation" in English. The condition is also known as Mounier-Kuhn syndrome when congenital in origin. Treatment strategies focus on symptom management, including airway clearance techniques and antibiotics for infections.

References

Mayo Clinic: Respiratory Diseases Overview
National Library of Medicine (NLM): Tracheobronchomegaly Clinical Features
Radiological Society of North America (RSNA): Diagnostic Criteria for Tracheal Disorders

网络扩展解释

气管扩张通常指支气管扩张，是一种以支气管结构破坏和持久性扩张为特征的慢性呼吸系统疾病。以下是综合多个医学来源的详细解释：

一、定义与病理机制

支气管扩张是由于急慢性感染、阻塞或牵拉导致支气管壁弹性组织受损，形成不可逆的异常扩张。这种扩张可表现为柱状、囊状或混合型结构改变。

二、主要病因

感染因素：病毒、细菌等病原体反复感染（如肺炎、肺结核），破坏支气管壁结构。
气道阻塞：异物吸入、肿瘤压迫或黏液栓塞导致管腔压力升高。
牵拉性扩张：肺部瘢痕组织（如肺结核愈合后）牵拉周围支气管。
先天因素：囊性纤维化、纤毛功能障碍等遗传性疾病。

三、典型症状

慢性咳嗽：持续数月甚至数年
大量脓痰：每日可达数百毫升，合并厌氧菌感染时呈恶臭味
反复咯血：从痰中带血到大量咯血
全身症状：长期患病可能导致贫血、消瘦

四、诊疗建议

确诊需通过胸部CT检查，治疗以控制感染、促进排痰为主。若出现咳黄绿痰、咯血等症状，应及时到呼吸内科就诊。早期规范治疗可延缓肺功能下降，改善生活质量。

注：气管与支气管在解剖学上属于不同部位，临床上更常见的是支气管扩张，而非主气管扩张。以上信息综合自权威医学平台，具体诊疗请遵医嘱。