
【機】 colorimetric analysis
compare; compete; ratio; than
【醫】 proportion; ratio
【經】 Benelux; benelux customs union; benelux economic union
color; expression; hue; kind; quality; scene; woman's looks
【醫】 chrom-; chromato-; chromo-; color
【化】 quantitative analysis
【醫】 quantitative analysis
比色定量分析 (Colorimetric Quantitative Analysis) 是一種廣泛應用于化學、生物化學、環境監測等領域的分析方法。其核心含義是:通過測量待測物質與特定試劑反應後生成的有色化合物溶液的顔色強度(或吸光度),來确定該待測物質的濃度或含量。 這種方法基于溶液顔色深淺與其中顯色物質濃度之間的定量關系。
其詳細解釋可從漢英詞典角度拆解如下:
比色 (Colorimetry / Colorimetric):
Colorimetry
is the science and technology used to quantify and describe human color perception. In analytical chemistry, colorimetric
methods specifically refer to techniques that measure the concentration of a colored compound in a solution by comparing its color intensity to that of standards or by measuring its light absorbance at a specific wavelength. It is a subset of spectrophotometry.定量分析 (Quantitative Analysis):
Quantitative analysis
is a chemical analysis performed to determine the amount or concentration of one or more substances present in a sample. It provides numerical data about the quantity of the analyte.比色定量分析 (Colorimetric Quantitative Analysis):
Colorimetric quantitative analysis
is an analytical technique that determines the concentration of an analyte by measuring the absorbance or intensity of the color produced when the analyte reacts with a specific reagent to form a colored complex. The concentration is proportional to the color intensity/absorbance according to established laws (e.g., Beer-Lambert Law).關鍵原理與特點:
應用實例: 比色定量分析常用于測定水中的微量金屬離子(如鐵、錳、銅、鉻、鉛)、營養物質(如磷酸鹽、硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、氨氮)、某些有機物、以及生物樣品中的蛋白質、葡萄糖、酶活性等。
權威參考來源:
比色定量分析是一種通過測量溶液顔色深度來确定物質含量的化學分析方法,其核心原理基于朗伯-比爾定律($A = varepsilon bc$),即溶液吸光度與濃度和光程長度的正比關系。以下是綜合解釋:
基本定義
通過顯色反應生成有色化合物,利用顔色深淺與待測物濃度的相關性進行定量分析。常見于微量組分(如金屬離子、有機物)的測定,靈敏度可達$10^{-1} sim 10^{-4} , text{mg/L}$。
核心原理
标準曲線法
兩種常用方法
應用領域
廣泛用于環境監測(如重金屬檢測)、食品分析(添加劑測定)、化學實驗等。
優缺點
如需更詳細實驗步驟或公式推導,中的朗伯-比爾定律解析及标準曲線繪制方法。
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