
【机】 colorimetric analysis
compare; compete; ratio; than
【医】 proportion; ratio
【经】 Benelux; benelux customs union; benelux economic union
color; expression; hue; kind; quality; scene; woman's looks
【医】 chrom-; chromato-; chromo-; color
【化】 quantitative analysis
【医】 quantitative analysis
比色定量分析 (Colorimetric Quantitative Analysis) 是一种广泛应用于化学、生物化学、环境监测等领域的分析方法。其核心含义是:通过测量待测物质与特定试剂反应后生成的有色化合物溶液的颜色强度(或吸光度),来确定该待测物质的浓度或含量。 这种方法基于溶液颜色深浅与其中显色物质浓度之间的定量关系。
其详细解释可从汉英词典角度拆解如下:
比色 (Colorimetry / Colorimetric):
Colorimetry
is the science and technology used to quantify and describe human color perception. In analytical chemistry, colorimetric
methods specifically refer to techniques that measure the concentration of a colored compound in a solution by comparing its color intensity to that of standards or by measuring its light absorbance at a specific wavelength. It is a subset of spectrophotometry.定量分析 (Quantitative Analysis):
Quantitative analysis
is a chemical analysis performed to determine the amount or concentration of one or more substances present in a sample. It provides numerical data about the quantity of the analyte.比色定量分析 (Colorimetric Quantitative Analysis):
Colorimetric quantitative analysis
is an analytical technique that determines the concentration of an analyte by measuring the absorbance or intensity of the color produced when the analyte reacts with a specific reagent to form a colored complex. The concentration is proportional to the color intensity/absorbance according to established laws (e.g., Beer-Lambert Law).关键原理与特点:
应用实例: 比色定量分析常用于测定水中的微量金属离子(如铁、锰、铜、铬、铅)、营养物质(如磷酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮)、某些有机物、以及生物样品中的蛋白质、葡萄糖、酶活性等。
权威参考来源:
比色定量分析是一种通过测量溶液颜色深度来确定物质含量的化学分析方法,其核心原理基于朗伯-比尔定律($A = varepsilon bc$),即溶液吸光度与浓度和光程长度的正比关系。以下是综合解释:
基本定义
通过显色反应生成有色化合物,利用颜色深浅与待测物浓度的相关性进行定量分析。常见于微量组分(如金属离子、有机物)的测定,灵敏度可达$10^{-1} sim 10^{-4} , text{mg/L}$。
核心原理
标准曲线法
两种常用方法
应用领域
广泛用于环境监测(如重金属检测)、食品分析(添加剂测定)、化学实验等。
优缺点
如需更详细实验步骤或公式推导,中的朗伯-比尔定律解析及标准曲线绘制方法。
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