極端事例英文解釋翻譯、極端事例的近義詞、反義詞、例句

英語翻譯：

【計】 extreme case

分詞翻譯：

極端的英語翻譯：

extreme; extremity; in the extreme; pesky

事例的英語翻譯：

example; instance

專業解析

The term "極端事例" (jíduān shìlì) in Chinese refers to exceptional or outlier cases that demonstrate theoretical boundaries or practical extremes within a specific context. In English, it is commonly translated as "extreme case" or "extreme instance" . This concept is widely employed in academic research, legal analysis, and social policy formulation to test theoretical frameworks or reveal systemic vulnerabilities.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (10th edition), an extreme case typically serves as "a scenario that pushes existing parameters to their limits, often used to examine the validity of rules or principles" . In legal contexts, such cases frequently become precedent-setting judgments that redefine jurisdictional boundaries, as documented in Cambridge Law Review's case study database .

Academic applications show that extreme case sampling is a recognized research methodology in qualitative studies. Sociologist Robert K. Yin emphasizes its value in revealing "previously unrecognized patterns through deliberate examination of atypical manifestations" . This methodological approach has been systematically cataloged in the JSTOR digital library's research methodology index .

The Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary further clarifies that in statistical analysis, extreme cases often require specialized handling through techniques like Winsorizing or trimmed means to mitigate distortion effects . Such technical specifications are routinely referenced in the American Statistical Association's operational guidelines .

網絡擴展解釋

“極端事例”指在特定領域或情境中，能夠反映事物發展至頂點狀态或突破常規的典型案例。以下是詳細解釋及分類：

一、定義與核心特征

定義
極端事例通常指突破正常範圍、達到極限狀态的事件或行為，既包含負面破壞性事件（如暴力犯罪），也包含突破性成就（如運動極限）。
關鍵特征
- 極端性：超出常規标準或承受能力，例如極端天氣（如百年一遇暴雨）。
- 突發性：多具不可預測性，如個人極端暴力事件。
- 影響力：可能引發嚴重後果（如社會恐慌）或積極突破（如科研突破）。

二、典型分類與示例

社會安全類
- 個人極端暴力事件：如廈門公交車縱火案（緻47人死亡），因個人對社會不滿引發的無差别攻擊。
- 特征：隨機性強、手段殘忍、針對不特定對象。
自然與風險類
- 極端自然災害：如地震、洪澇等突破曆史記錄的事件。
- 金融極端風險：如股市崩盤等低概率高損失事件。
行為與選擇類
- 極端行為：如過度減肥導緻健康損害、偏激言論引發沖突。
- 極端态度：如固守偏見拒絕溝通，導緻決策失誤。

三、影響與評價

負面影響
多數極端事例具有破壞性，例如極端暴力事件威脅公共安全，極端思想激化社會矛盾。
正面意義
少數極端事例可能推動變革，例如科學實驗中的極端條件突破（如超導材料研究）。

四、注意事項

極端事例需結合具體背景分析，避免以單一案例概括全貌。如需更多案例，可參考來源中的詳細事件描述。