极端事例英文解释翻译、极端事例的近义词、反义词、例句

英语翻译：

【计】 extreme case

分词翻译：

极端的英语翻译：

extreme; extremity; in the extreme; pesky

事例的英语翻译：

example; instance

专业解析

The term "极端事例" (jíduān shìlì) in Chinese refers to exceptional or outlier cases that demonstrate theoretical boundaries or practical extremes within a specific context. In English, it is commonly translated as "extreme case" or "extreme instance" . This concept is widely employed in academic research, legal analysis, and social policy formulation to test theoretical frameworks or reveal systemic vulnerabilities.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (10th edition), an extreme case typically serves as "a scenario that pushes existing parameters to their limits, often used to examine the validity of rules or principles" . In legal contexts, such cases frequently become precedent-setting judgments that redefine jurisdictional boundaries, as documented in Cambridge Law Review's case study database .

Academic applications show that extreme case sampling is a recognized research methodology in qualitative studies. Sociologist Robert K. Yin emphasizes its value in revealing "previously unrecognized patterns through deliberate examination of atypical manifestations" . This methodological approach has been systematically cataloged in the JSTOR digital library's research methodology index .

The Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary further clarifies that in statistical analysis, extreme cases often require specialized handling through techniques like Winsorizing or trimmed means to mitigate distortion effects . Such technical specifications are routinely referenced in the American Statistical Association's operational guidelines .

网络扩展解释

“极端事例”指在特定领域或情境中，能够反映事物发展至顶点状态或突破常规的典型案例。以下是详细解释及分类：

一、定义与核心特征

定义
极端事例通常指突破正常范围、达到极限状态的事件或行为，既包含负面破坏性事件（如暴力犯罪），也包含突破性成就（如运动极限）。
关键特征
- 极端性：超出常规标准或承受能力，例如极端天气（如百年一遇暴雨）。
- 突发性：多具不可预测性，如个人极端暴力事件。
- 影响力：可能引发严重后果（如社会恐慌）或积极突破（如科研突破）。

二、典型分类与示例

社会安全类
- 个人极端暴力事件：如厦门公交车纵火案（致47人死亡），因个人对社会不满引发的无差别攻击。
- 特征：随机性强、手段残忍、针对不特定对象。
自然与风险类
- 极端自然灾害：如地震、洪涝等突破历史记录的事件。
- 金融极端风险：如股市崩盘等低概率高损失事件。
行为与选择类
- 极端行为：如过度减肥导致健康损害、偏激言论引发冲突。
- 极端态度：如固守偏见拒绝沟通，导致决策失误。

三、影响与评价

负面影响
多数极端事例具有破坏性，例如极端暴力事件威胁公共安全，极端思想激化社会矛盾。
正面意义
少数极端事例可能推动变革，例如科学实验中的极端条件突破（如超导材料研究）。

四、注意事项

极端事例需结合具体背景分析，避免以单一案例概括全貌。如需更多案例，可参考来源中的详细事件描述。