
【醫】 granuloma tropicum
torrid zone; tropic
【醫】 torrid zone
【醫】 granulation tumor; granuloma
熱帶肉芽腫(Tropical Granuloma),在醫學領域更常被稱為腹股溝肉芽腫(Granuloma Inguinale) 或杜諾凡病(Donovanosis),是一種由特定細菌引起的慢性、進行性細菌感染,主要累及生殖器、腹股溝和肛周區域的皮膚及黏膜。以下是從漢英詞典角度并結合醫學權威解釋的詳細說明:
* **漢義:** 熱帶肉芽腫指主要發生于熱帶和亞熱帶地區,由**克雷伯菌屬的肉芽腫克雷伯菌(Klebsiella granulomatis)**(舊稱肉芽腫鞘杆菌 *Calymmatobacterium granulomatis* 或杜諾凡菌 *Donovania granulomatis*)引起的慢性、潰瘍性、肉芽腫性性傳播疾病。其特征為生殖器、腹股溝或肛周區域緩慢進展的無痛性潰瘍和肉芽腫組織增生。
* **英義:** Tropical Granuloma (Granuloma Inguinale, Donovanosis) is a chronic, progressive, ulcerative, granulomatous bacterial infection primarily occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by *Klebsiella granulomatis* and is characterized by painless, progressive ulceration and granulomatous tissue proliferation in the genital, inguinal, or perianal areas. It is considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
* **漢義:** 該病的典型病理特征是感染部位出現富含漿細胞的肉芽腫組織,并在巨噬細胞内可找到特征性的**杜諾凡小體(Donovan bodies)**。杜諾凡小體是細菌在細胞内形成的具有診斷意義的包裹體,呈安全别針狀(兩極濃染)。
* **英義:** The hallmark pathological feature is the presence of granulomatous tissue rich in plasma cells. Diagnostic **Donovan bodies** are found within macrophages. Donovan bodies are intracellular encapsulated forms of the bacteria, appearing as bipolar-staining (safety-pin shaped) organisms under microscopy.
* **漢義:** 潛伏期長短不一(通常數周至數月)。初起為單個或多個皮下結節,後破潰形成邊界清晰、無痛、易出血、基底呈牛肉紅色、天鵝絨樣外觀的肉芽腫性潰瘍。潰瘍緩慢擴大,可繼發感染、組織破壞(如生殖器損毀)和色素沉着。雖名為“腹股溝”,但病變可累及生殖器任何部位及肛周。局部淋巴結通常不腫大(與性病性淋巴肉芽腫不同)。
* **英義:** The incubation period is variable (usually weeks to months). It begins as single or multiple subcutaneous nodules that ulcerate, forming well-defined, painless, beefy-red, velvety, granulomatous ulcers that bleed easily. These ulcers slowly expand and can lead to tissue destruction (e.g., genital mutilation), secondary infection, and hyperpigmentation. Despite the name "inguinale," lesions can occur on any genital site and perianally. Regional lymphadenopathy is typically absent (distinguishing it from Lymphogranuloma Venereum).
* **漢義:** 診斷主要依靠潰瘍邊緣組織壓片或活檢标本中找到杜諾凡小體(吉姆薩或瑞氏染色)。培養困難,PCR檢測可用于輔助診斷。治療首選**阿奇黴素**或**多西環素**等抗生素,療程需足夠長(通常至少3周或直至潰瘍完全愈合),以防止複發。性伴侶需同時檢查和治療。
* **英義:** Diagnosis relies on identifying Donovan bodies in crush preparations or biopsy specimens from the ulcer edge (stained with Giemsa or Wright's stain). Culture is difficult; PCR testing can be supportive. Treatment involves prolonged courses of antibiotics, primarily **Azithromycin** or **Doxycycline**, for at least 3 weeks or until lesions are fully healed to prevent relapse. Sexual partners require evaluation and treatment.
* **漢義:** 該病主要流行于熱帶和亞熱帶地區,如印度、巴布亞新幾内亞、南非、加勒比海部分地區和澳大利亞北部。通過性接觸傳播(主要途徑),偶可通過非性接觸傳播(如接觸潰瘍滲出物)。預防措施包括安全性行為(使用安全套)、及時診斷和治療患者及其性伴侶。
* **英義:** The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions (e.g., India, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, parts of the Caribbean, northern Australia). Transmission is primarily sexual, rarely non-sexual (contact with ulcer exudate). Prevention includes safe sexual practices (condom use), and prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients and their sexual partners.
權威參考來源 (Authoritative References):
肉芽腫是由巨噬細胞及其演化細胞(如上皮樣細胞、多核巨細胞)聚集形成的結節狀炎性病變,屬于遲發性超敏反應。而“熱帶肉芽腫”并非醫學标準術語,可能指以下兩類情況:
熱帶地區高發的感染性肉芽腫
熱帶氣候濕熱,易滋生特定病原體,例如:
特定疾病的地方性稱呼
部分文獻可能将某些區域性高發疾病俗稱為“熱帶肉芽腫”,例如:
建議結合具體症狀或病原體名稱進一步确認疾病類型,或咨詢醫生以獲取精準診斷。
阿哌環素搬運者財産損失大衆所關注的事物二乙代溴乙酰脲法規光分解紅厚殼物虹膜瞳孔的甲磺氮┳脲加氫脫烷基化作用甲狀舌鼓膜警報信號鲸蠟醇鹽肌性緊張離心加速度米奧卡黴素檸檬草漂亮的前房積膿性角膜炎強制程式乳酪分支杆菌剩餘核對石油輸出國家組織實在數組變元手力千斤頂數字分析員臀位分娩臀形頭脫碳酸氣塔