冷性脓肿英文解释翻译、冷性脓肿的近义词、反义词、例句

英语翻译：

【医】 psychrapostema

分词翻译：

冷的英语翻译：

cold; cold in manner; shot from hiding
【医】 algor; cry-; crymo-; cryo-; krymo-; kryo-; psychro-

脓肿的英语翻译：

【医】 abscess; abscessus; apostasis; apostem; apostema; diapyema; ecpyesis

专业解析

Cold abscess, medically termed as "冷性脓肿 (lěng xìng nóng zhǒng)" in Chinese, is a type of abscess characterized by the absence of typical inflammatory signs such as redness, heat, or pain. It primarily occurs in chronic infections, most notably tuberculosis (TB), and develops due to the slow progression of pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis within tissues. Unlike acute abscesses, cold abscesses form gradually and may manifest as painless swellings, often with necrotic tissue and caseous material at the core.

Key Characteristics:

Pathogenesis: Cold abscesses are linked to granulomatous infections, where the immune system walls off pathogens but fails to eliminate them completely. This results in localized tissue destruction and liquefaction.
Clinical Presentation: Common sites include lymph nodes (e.g., cervical or axillary), spinal regions (Pott's disease), and joints. Symptoms may include mild swelling, stiffness, or systemic signs like low-grade fever in advanced stages.
Diagnosis: Imaging techniques (MRI/CT) and histopathological examination of aspirated fluid are critical. Acid-fast bacilli staining or PCR tests confirm TB-related cases.
Treatment: Requires long-term antibiotic therapy (e.g., anti-TB drugs like rifampicin and isoniazid) and, in some cases, surgical drainage or debridement.

References:

World Health Organization (WHO) Tuberculosis Guidelines
Mayo Clinic: Tuberculosis Complications
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st Edition

网络扩展解释

冷性脓肿（又称寒性脓肿或冷脓肿）是结核杆菌感染引起的特殊类型脓肿，与普通化脓性感染形成的“热脓肿”形成对比。以下是其核心特点及临床信息：

一、定义与病因

冷性脓肿由结核杆菌感染引发，常见于骨结核（如脊柱结核）或淋巴结结核。结核病灶累及周围软组织时，导致干酪样坏死和结核性肉芽组织形成，坏死物液化后形成脓肿。

二、临床表现

无典型炎症反应
与热脓肿的“红肿热痛”不同，冷脓肿局部皮肤无发红、皮温正常、压痛不明显。
脓液特征
脓液稀薄呈灰白色或米汤样，含干酪样物质、坏死组织及死骨。
常见部位
- 脊柱结核：70%~80%患者并发冷脓肿，可能蔓延至咽后壁（颈椎结核）或腰大肌（腰椎结核），引起呼吸/吞咽困难或腹部包块。
- 其他部位：淋巴结结核（如颈部）或关节结核。

三、治疗与注意事项

抗结核治疗
需长期规范使用抗结核药物（如异烟肼、利福平）。
局部处理
避免切开引流以防伤口不愈，通常采用穿刺抽脓或手术清除病灶。
鉴别诊断
需与肿瘤、普通脓肿等区分，结合影像学（CT、MRI）及实验室检查（结核菌素试验）确诊。

四、中医观点

中医称其为“贴骨疽”，属阴证范畴，常用阳和汤等温阳散寒方剂辅助治疗。

提示：若发现无痛性肿块伴低热、盗汗等症状，建议及时就医排查结核感染。