核衰變化學英文解釋翻譯、核衰變化學的近義詞、反義詞、例句

英語翻譯：

【化】 nuclear decay chemistry

分詞翻譯：

核的英語翻譯：

hilum; nucleus; putamen; stone
【醫】 caryo-; caryon; core; karyo-; karyon; kernel; nidi; nidus; nuclei
nucleo-; nucleus

衰變的英語翻譯：

【醫】 decay

化學的英語翻譯：

chemistry
【化】 chemistry
【醫】 chemistry; chemo-; spagyric medicine

專業解析

Nuclear decay chemistry, known as "核衰變化學" in Chinese, is a specialized interdisciplinary field studying the chemical behaviors and transformations associated with radioactive decay processes. It focuses on the interaction between atomic nuclei undergoing spontaneous disintegration (e.g., alpha, beta, or gamma decay) and their surrounding electron configurations or chemical environments. This discipline combines principles from nuclear physics and chemistry to investigate phenomena such as isotope effects in decay rates, recoil energy transfer during decay events, and the formation of daughter nuclides with altered chemical properties.

Key aspects include:

Decay Mechanisms
Radioactive isotopes like uranium-238 (²³⁸U) release α particles (helium nuclei) or β particles (electrons/positrons), altering their atomic number and mass. The decay equation for α emission is expressed as:

$$

^{A}{Z}X rightarrow ^{A-4}{Z-2}Y + ^{4}_{2}text{He}

$$

This process was first quantified by Ernest Rutherford in 1908.
Chemical Bond Stability
Decay-induced ionization (e.g., from β⁻ decay) can disrupt molecular bonds. For example, tritium (³H) decay in organic compounds generates helium-3 and free radicals, impacting biochemical systems.
Applications in Dating Methods
Carbon-14 (¹⁴C) decay kinetics enable radiocarbon dating through the first-order decay equation:

$$

t = frac{1}{lambda} lnleft(frac{N_0}{N}right)

$$

where λ is the decay constant. This technique underpins archaeological chronology studies.
Medical and Industrial Relevance
Technetium-99m (⁹⁹ᵐTc) decay produces gamma rays for medical imaging, while decay heat from plutonium-238 powers spacecraft batteries.

網絡擴展解釋

核衰變是原子核自發通過釋放粒子或能量轉變為另一種原子核的物理過程，與化學變化有本質區别。以下是詳細解釋：

一、核衰變的定義與機制

核衰變是由于原子核内質子與中子比例失衡或處于激發态，導緻其自發改變結構的過程。例如，β衰變中一個中子轉化為質子、電子和反中微子，同時釋放β射線。

二、主要衰變類型

α衰變：釋放氦核（α粒子，含2質子+2中子），電離能力強但穿透力弱。
β衰變：釋放高速電子（β粒子），電離能力中等，伴隨中子轉化為質子的過程。
γ衰變：釋放高能光子（γ射線），穿透力極強，通常伴隨其他衰變發生。

三、與化學變化的區别

核衰變屬于核物理過程，涉及原子核内部結構改變，導緻元素種類變化；而化學變化僅涉及電子轉移或化學鍵重組，不改變原子核性質。

四、應用與影響

核衰變是放射性現象的基礎，可用于醫學成像（如PET掃描）、碳-14測年等。但放射性物質釋放的射線可能造成環境污染，需嚴格防護。

提示：若需了解具體衰變公式或更詳細應用場景，可參考核物理教材或權威科學資料。