核衰变化学英文解释翻译、核衰变化学的近义词、反义词、例句

英语翻译：

【化】 nuclear decay chemistry

分词翻译：

核的英语翻译：

hilum; nucleus; putamen; stone
【医】 caryo-; caryon; core; karyo-; karyon; kernel; nidi; nidus; nuclei
nucleo-; nucleus

衰变的英语翻译：

【医】 decay

化学的英语翻译：

chemistry
【化】 chemistry
【医】 chemistry; chemo-; spagyric medicine

专业解析

Nuclear decay chemistry, known as "核衰变化学" in Chinese, is a specialized interdisciplinary field studying the chemical behaviors and transformations associated with radioactive decay processes. It focuses on the interaction between atomic nuclei undergoing spontaneous disintegration (e.g., alpha, beta, or gamma decay) and their surrounding electron configurations or chemical environments. This discipline combines principles from nuclear physics and chemistry to investigate phenomena such as isotope effects in decay rates, recoil energy transfer during decay events, and the formation of daughter nuclides with altered chemical properties.

Key aspects include:

Decay Mechanisms
Radioactive isotopes like uranium-238 (²³⁸U) release α particles (helium nuclei) or β particles (electrons/positrons), altering their atomic number and mass. The decay equation for α emission is expressed as:

$$

^{A}{Z}X rightarrow ^{A-4}{Z-2}Y + ^{4}_{2}text{He}

$$

This process was first quantified by Ernest Rutherford in 1908.
Chemical Bond Stability
Decay-induced ionization (e.g., from β⁻ decay) can disrupt molecular bonds. For example, tritium (³H) decay in organic compounds generates helium-3 and free radicals, impacting biochemical systems.
Applications in Dating Methods
Carbon-14 (¹⁴C) decay kinetics enable radiocarbon dating through the first-order decay equation:

$$

t = frac{1}{lambda} lnleft(frac{N_0}{N}right)

$$

where λ is the decay constant. This technique underpins archaeological chronology studies.
Medical and Industrial Relevance
Technetium-99m (⁹⁹ᵐTc) decay produces gamma rays for medical imaging, while decay heat from plutonium-238 powers spacecraft batteries.

网络扩展解释

核衰变是原子核自发通过释放粒子或能量转变为另一种原子核的物理过程，与化学变化有本质区别。以下是详细解释：

一、核衰变的定义与机制

核衰变是由于原子核内质子与中子比例失衡或处于激发态，导致其自发改变结构的过程。例如，β衰变中一个中子转化为质子、电子和反中微子，同时释放β射线。

二、主要衰变类型

α衰变：释放氦核（α粒子，含2质子+2中子），电离能力强但穿透力弱。
β衰变：释放高速电子（β粒子），电离能力中等，伴随中子转化为质子的过程。
γ衰变：释放高能光子（γ射线），穿透力极强，通常伴随其他衰变发生。

三、与化学变化的区别

核衰变属于核物理过程，涉及原子核内部结构改变，导致元素种类变化；而化学变化仅涉及电子转移或化学键重组，不改变原子核性质。

四、应用与影响

核衰变是放射性现象的基础，可用于医学成像（如PET扫描）、碳-14测年等。但放射性物质释放的射线可能造成环境污染，需严格防护。

提示：若需了解具体衰变公式或更详细应用场景，可参考核物理教材或权威科学资料。