
【化】 NMR spectrometer
【化】 NMR; nuclear magnetic resonance
appearance; bearing; ceremony; instrument; present
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (核磁共振仪) is a scientific instrument utilizing the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to analyze molecular structures and dynamics. The term translates directly to "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Instrument" in Chinese, where "核" (hé) refers to atomic nuclei, "磁" (cí) indicates magnetic fields, and "共振" (gòngzhèn) describes the resonance phenomenon .
Its working mechanism involves exposing atomic nuclei (e.g., H or 3C) to strong static magnetic fields, then applying radiofrequency pulses to induce energy transitions. Detected signals are converted into spectra revealing chemical environments, as documented by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in their 2021 technical report on spectroscopic standards. Key components include superconducting magnets (operating at 300-900 MHz frequencies), radiofrequency transmitters, and cryogenic probe systems .
Primary applications span:
Technical specifications typically include:
Safety protocols require shielding against 5 Gauss magnetic fields (OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.97) and liquid helium handling certifications. Recent advancements in hyperpolarized NMR techniques have enhanced sensitivity by 10,000-fold, as validated by MIT's Department of Chemistry instrumentation studies.
核磁共振仪(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer,简称NMR或MRI)是一种基于原子核磁共振原理的精密仪器,主要用于医学成像、化学分析及物理研究等领域。以下是综合多个来源的详细解释:
核磁共振仪通过强磁场和射频脉冲,使具有奇数质子或中子的原子核(如氢原子核)发生共振。当氢原子核在磁场中吸收射频能量后,从低能态跃迁至高能态,随后释放能量并产生信号。这些信号经计算机处理重建为图像或波谱。
早期称“核磁共振”,后为避免公众对“核”的误解,医学领域多称“磁共振成像(MRI)”。该技术由美国物理学家拉比于1933年首次实验成功,1970年代起应用于临床。
如需更完整信息,可参考医院或科研机构的技术文档(如来源的量子物理原理)。
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