
【经】 market risk
agora; market; mart; piazza; plaza
【化】 market
【经】 market; market place; mart; shopping center
hazard; risk; venture
【经】 risk
Market risk, commonly referred to as"市场风险" in Chinese, is the potential financial loss arising from fluctuations in market prices or rates that affect the value of investments. It encompasses risks tied to macroeconomic factors such as interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates, and commodity prices. This risk is inherent in all tradable assets and cannot be eliminated through diversification alone.
Interest Rate Risk
Changes in central bank policies or bond yields impact fixed-income securities. For example, rising rates reduce the value of existing bonds.
Equity Risk
Stock price volatility due to corporate performance, geopolitical events, or sector-specific trends. The 2008 financial crisis exemplifies systemic equity risk.
Currency Risk
Exchange rate fluctuations affect international investments. A weakening domestic currency may erode returns for foreign investors.
Commodity Risk
Price swings in oil, gold, or agricultural products due to supply-demand imbalances or geopolitical tensions.
Financial institutions use tools likeValue at Risk (VaR) to quantify potential losses under normal market conditions. Regulatory frameworks, such as Basel III, mandate capital reserves to mitigate systemic market risk.
市场风险是指因市场价格或市场环境的不利变动,导致资产价值或企业经营收益面临潜在损失的风险。它广泛存在于金融投资、企业经营等领域,具有多维度特性。以下是综合多个权威来源的详细解析:
市场风险的核心在于价格波动的不确定性,主要涉及利率、汇率、股票价格、商品价格等基础资产的市场变动。例如,当汇率剧烈波动时,企业外汇资产可能大幅缩水;政策调整也可能引发行业性风险(如2022年某地产企业因政策变动市值腰斩)。
VaR是衡量市场风险的主流工具,表示在正常市场条件和给定置信水平(通常99%)下,某一投资组合在特定持有期内可能的最大损失。例如,若某组合的VaR为100万元(置信度99%),意味着未来一天内损失超过100万元的概率仅为1%。
市场风险与信用风险、操作风险并称金融三大风险,其特殊性在于不可完全消除,只能通过管理手段降低影响。企业需结合自身业务特点,建立动态风险评估体系(参考来源:)。
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