
adj. 有酒刺的;似紅玉的;紅玉的
Carbuncular 的詳細釋義
一、核心含義
Carbuncular 是形容詞,描述類似癰(carbuncle)的狀态或特征。癰是一種嚴重的皮膚感染,表現為紅腫、疼痛的腫塊群,由多個相鄰的毛囊炎症融合而成,常伴有膿液和壞死組織。因此,該詞可引申為:
二、詞源與構詞
源自拉丁語 carbunculus(意為“小塊煤炭”或“紅寶石”),後進入英語 carbuncle(既指癰,也指紅寶石)。後綴 -ar 構成形容詞,表示“與…相關的”。其詞根關聯了“紅腫如炭火” 的視覺特征(牛津英語詞典,2023)。
三、權威用例與語境
“嚴重的金黃色葡萄球菌感染可導緻carbuncular abscesses(癰性膿腫),需手術引流。”(《默克診療手冊》)
T.S.艾略特在《荒原》中描繪現代都市的頹敗時寫道:
“A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, / I had not thought death had undone so many. / Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, / And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. / Flowed up the hill and down King William Street, / To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours / With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine. /There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying: ‘Stetson! / You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! / That corpse you planted last year in your garden, / Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? / Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed? / Oh keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men, / Or with his nails he’ll dig it up again! / You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!’”
(注:詩中“屍體在花園發芽”的意象常被解讀為carbuncular decay(癰瘡般的腐朽),象征戰後文明的潰爛(《諾頓英國文學選集》,第9版))。
四、同源詞對比
五、使用場景建議
該詞屬高階詞彙,多用于醫學文本或文學修辭(如哥特小說、社會批判作品),日常口語罕見。需注意語境避免歧義(如礦物學中 carbuncle 指寶石)。
來源:牛津英語詞典(OED)、默克診療手冊、T.S.艾略特《荒原》(1922)、諾頓文學評論。
Carbuncular是形容詞,主要含義包含以下兩個方面:
醫學相關
指"患有癰的"或"類似癰的皮膚症狀"。癰(carbuncle)是一種嚴重的細菌性皮膚感染,表現為紅腫、疼痛的膿腫群,常見于背部或頸部區域。例如:Carbuncular infection of the neck requires immediate medical attention.
寶石學描述
表示"類似紅玉/紅寶石的",形容具有深紅色光澤的物體。該詞源自carbuncle(紅榴石/紅寶石)的形容詞形式。例如:The carbuncular glow of the gemstone fascinated collectors.
發音與詞源
同義詞:carbuncled(患癰的/紅玉般的)
反義詞:unblemished(無瑕疵的)
需注意該詞屬于專業術語,日常使用頻率較低,多出現在醫學文獻或古典文學中。更多用法可參考新東方詞典等權威來源。
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