
adj. 有酒刺的;似红玉的;红玉的
Carbuncular 的详细释义
一、核心含义
Carbuncular 是形容词,描述类似痈(carbuncle)的状态或特征。痈是一种严重的皮肤感染,表现为红肿、疼痛的肿块群,由多个相邻的毛囊炎症融合而成,常伴有脓液和坏死组织。因此,该词可引申为:
二、词源与构词
源自拉丁语 carbunculus(意为“小块煤炭”或“红宝石”),后进入英语 carbuncle(既指痈,也指红宝石)。后缀 -ar 构成形容词,表示“与…相关的”。其词根关联了“红肿如炭火” 的视觉特征(牛津英语词典,2023)。
三、权威用例与语境
“严重的金黄色葡萄球菌感染可导致carbuncular abscesses(痈性脓肿),需手术引流。”(《默克诊疗手册》)
T.S.艾略特在《荒原》中描绘现代都市的颓败时写道:
“A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, / I had not thought death had undone so many. / Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, / And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. / Flowed up the hill and down King William Street, / To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours / With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine. /There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying: ‘Stetson! / You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! / That corpse you planted last year in your garden, / Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? / Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed? / Oh keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men, / Or with his nails he’ll dig it up again! / You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!’”
(注:诗中“尸体在花园发芽”的意象常被解读为carbuncular decay(痈疮般的腐朽),象征战后文明的溃烂(《诺顿英国文学选集》,第9版))。
四、同源词对比
五、使用场景建议
该词属高阶词汇,多用于医学文本或文学修辞(如哥特小说、社会批判作品),日常口语罕见。需注意语境避免歧义(如矿物学中 carbuncle 指宝石)。
来源:牛津英语词典(OED)、默克诊疗手册、T.S.艾略特《荒原》(1922)、诺顿文学评论。
Carbuncular是形容词,主要含义包含以下两个方面:
医学相关
指"患有痈的"或"类似痈的皮肤症状"。痈(carbuncle)是一种严重的细菌性皮肤感染,表现为红肿、疼痛的脓肿群,常见于背部或颈部区域。例如:Carbuncular infection of the neck requires immediate medical attention.
宝石学描述
表示"类似红玉/红宝石的",形容具有深红色光泽的物体。该词源自carbuncle(红榴石/红宝石)的形容词形式。例如:The carbuncular glow of the gemstone fascinated collectors.
发音与词源
同义词:carbuncled(患痈的/红玉般的)
反义词:unblemished(无瑕疵的)
需注意该词属于专业术语,日常使用频率较低,多出现在医学文献或古典文学中。更多用法可参考新东方词典等权威来源。
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