消毒和灭菌
Multiple stu***s in many countries have documented lack of compliance with established guidelines for disinfection and sterilization.
在许多国家的很多研究已经证明没有遵守既定的指南进行消毒和灭菌。
CONCLUSIONS It is important for assure the quality of the disinfection and sterilization to proper cleaning and the care of the medical instruments.
结论对污染血污的复用医疗器械的清洗彻底是保证消毒和灭菌成功的关键。
Methods Sampling and testing according to GB15982-1995 Standard of disinfection in hospitals and GB15981-1995The method and standard of evaluation on disinfection and sterilization.
方法：依据GB15982-1995《医院消毒卫生标准》和GB15981-1995《消毒与灭菌的评价方法与标准》进行采样监测。
The disinfection and sterilization on dental devices performed by professional dental health care organization has always been a focused issue.
口腔专业医疗机构对口腔诊疗器械的消毒与灭菌一直是备受关注的问题。
Objective Investigated the quality of disinfection and sterilization in the hospital in the city of Panzhihua to provide a basis for the management of hospital infection.
目的了解攀枝花市各级医院消毒与灭菌质量，为控制医院感染管理提供依据。
RESULTS The division was a logistic center of the hospital responsible for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, it should guarantee the perfect quality control system independently.
结果消毒供应室是医院专业的清洗、消毒、灭菌中心和消毒灭菌物品的物流中心，并以独立和完善的质量监控体系确保工作质量。
Methods Discussing monitoring technology in routine and new pattern equipment of disinfection and sterilization.
方法探讨医院常规使用及新型消毒设备的消毒灭菌效果监测技术。
Monitoring of disinfection efficacy in village health stations was carried out to explore the problems and methods of improvement in disinfection and sterilization work.
通过对村卫生室消毒效果的监测，探讨消毒灭菌工作中存在的问题及改进的方法。
The writer believes that the non-thoroughness of disinfection and sterilization by the appliances disinfection solution of Bromogeraminum is the major factor of postoperative infection.
作者认为，新洁尔灭器械浸泡液，消毒灭菌的不彻底性，是造成术后感染的重要因素。
Is the modern environmental disinfection and sterilization equipment the best choice.
是现代环保消毒灭菌设备的最佳选择。
Conclusion The cross-infection of COS-AB is severe. Strict disinfection and sterilization should be implemented. The epidemiology of COS-AB in environment and patients should be closely monitored.
结论COS-AB交叉感染严重，应严格消毒隔离措施，加强对COS-AB在环境及患者中流行情况的严密监测。
Results Making monitoring By way of forming scientific and normal system in military hospital of disinfection and sterilization work.
结果使医院消毒灭菌及其监测工作科学、规范，形成制度。
The application study of EOW on the aspects of food disinfection and sterilization was strengthened.
应加强对酸性氧化电位水在食品杀菌和消毒方面的应用研究。
Objective To know the present situation of disinfection and sterilization of oral medical instruments and supplies in order to improve the disinfection administration.
目的了解口腔科医疗器械与物品消毒灭菌现状，以便改进和提高消毒管理水平。
The difference of disinfection and sterilization was detailed.
阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。
This guideline presents a pragmatic approach to the judicious selection and proper use of disinfection and sterilization processes;
这个指南提出了一个明智的选择和正确使用消毒和灭菌处理的可行性流程。
Red liquid. Strong ability to decomposition, disinfection and sterilization.
红色液体．强分解能力、消毒、杀菌作用。
Probe into the method of cleaning disinfection and sterilization of laparoscopic apparatus.
探讨腔镜器械清洗、消毒和灭菌的方法。
Existing problems and managing countermeasures of disinfection and sterilization in rural hospitals;
目的 了解基层医疗机构的消毒灭菌质量。
Objective:To understand the current situation of disinfection and sterilization of clinical departments to provide the basis for the prevention and control of the hospital infection.
目的：为了解临床各科室消毒灭菌工作的现状，加强医院感染的预防与控制提供依据。
Objective: To understand a quality condition of disinfection and sterilization in 8 hospitals and to raise improvement measures.
目的了解贵州省部分医院消毒、灭菌情况，提出改进措施。
In contrast to iodine, the thermostability of this complex has evidently increased, but it can release iodine molecular and has strong disinfection and sterilization.
与碘相比，这种复合物的热稳定性明显提高，且能释放出元素碘，因而具有强的消毒杀菌作用。
In order to know the disinfection and sterilization quality in private medical institutions in Beijing, field selective examination method was used to carry out a survey.
为了解北京市个体医疗机构的消毒与灭菌质量，采用现场抽检的方法进行了调查。
Objective To instruct monitoring disinfection and sterilization work in military hospital scientifically.
目的科学指导部队医疗卫生单位的消毒监测工作。
Formalin is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde in the past been widely used in disinfection and sterilization.
************是甲醛的水溶液，在过去被广泛运用于消毒和杀菌。
The normal disinfection and sterilization was described. There are heat sterilization, sterilization by ultraviolet rays irradiation and chemical agent disinfection.
介绍了常用消毒灭菌方法，有加热消毒法，紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。
Disinfection and sterilization are two different concepts.
消毒与灭菌是两个不同的概念。
The utility model has the advantages of ****** structure, high working efficiency and ideal disinfection and sterilization effect.
本实用新型结构简单，工作效率高，消毒杀菌效果理想。
消毒（Disinfection）与灭菌（Sterilization）是微生物控制领域两个关键概念，其定义和应用场景存在显著差异。
1. 消毒（Disinfection）
指通过物理或化学方法消除物体表面或环境中多数病原微生物的过程，但可能无法完全消灭所有细菌芽孢。常用方法包括：
世界卫生组织（WHO）《医疗环境感染控制指南》指出，次氯酸钠溶液（浓度≥0.1%）可有效灭活新冠病毒等包膜病毒。该技术广泛应用于医疗设备表面处理、饮用水净化等领域。
2. 灭菌（Sterilization）
指完全灭活或去除所有微生物（包括细菌芽孢）的绝对过程。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）《医疗机构灭菌指南》强调，高压蒸汽灭菌（121℃持续15分钟）是医疗器械处理的金标准。其他方法包括：
该技术主要应用于手术器械、药品生产等高风险场景，符合ISO 11135国际认证体系要求。
两者核心区别在于微生物灭活程度：消毒达到"安全水平"，灭菌实现"绝对无菌"。根据美国FDA《医疗器械分类标准》，侵入性医疗操作必须使用灭菌级设备，而环境清洁可采用消毒级处理。
消毒（disinfection）与灭菌（sterilization）是微生物控制的两个关键概念，主要区别在于处理强度和适用范围：
定义
指通过化学或物理方法杀死物体表面的病原微生物，但无法完全消除所有微生物，尤其可能保留细菌芽孢等耐高温、耐化学物质的微生物形式。
用途
常用于医疗设备、公共场所（如桌椅、门把手）及日常用品的清洁，例如使用含氯消毒剂擦拭表面。
常用方法
定义
指彻底杀灭或去除所有微生物，包括细菌芽孢、病毒、真菌等，达到完全无菌状态。
用途
适用于手术器械、实验室培养基、制药设备等对无菌要求极高的场景。
常用方法
| 维度 | 消毒（Disinfection） | 灭菌（Sterilization） |
|---|---|---|
| 微生物清除 | 仅杀灭病原微生物，可能残留芽孢 | 彻底杀灭所有微生物，包括芽孢 |
| 安全性 | 达到安全使用标准，非完全无菌 | 绝对无菌，适用于侵入性操作 |
| 应用场景 | 日常清洁、低风险环境 | 高风险医疗操作、实验室、制药 |
示例：医院对手术刀需采用灭菌（高压蒸汽），而病房桌面清洁只需消毒（含氯喷雾）。
如需更详细的技术标准或操作流程，可参考医学消毒指南或相关行业规范。
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