美:/'sefəloʊsˈpɔːrɪnz/
n. [药] 头孢菌素；先锋霉素族抗菌素（cephalosporins复数）
Results: From high to low, the use frequency of anti-infection drugs was antivirus, cephalosporins, and penicillins.
结果：各类抗感染药物使用频度由高到低依次为抗病毒类、头孢菌素类、青霉素类。
The in vitro antibacterial activity of 15 cephalosporins and 3 penicillins against 329 strains of clinical isolates was compared by microdilution method.
本文采用微量稀释法比较15种头孢菌素和3种青霉素对329株细菌的体外抗菌活性。
The control group selected antibiotic based on clinical examination results, such as erythromycin, cephalosporins and other anti-infective treatment comparison.
对照组根据临床检查结果选取相应的抗生素，如红霉素、头孢菌素等抗感染治疗。
Benemid is recommended for the treatment of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti- infective therapy.
丙磺舒被推荐用于治疗痛风及痛风关节炎，及在强化抗感染治疗时增加并延长青霉素类及头孢菌素类的血浆浓度。
OBJECTIVE:To discuss the intradermal test of cephalosporins and to provide pharmaceutical services for clinicians.
前言： 目的探讨有关头孢菌素皮试的问题，为临床提供参考。
Antibody combining sites in an antigenic determinant of cephalosporins were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hapten inhibition and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA).
通过ELISA试验、半抗原抑制试验和PCA试验，对头孢菌素抗原决定簇中抗体结合位点进行分析。
There were linearity for each of cephalosporins.
并且每一种头孢菌素都有良好的线性。
The capability of the handheld Raman spectrometer was investigated for the identification of principal constituent of some cephalosporins.
考察便携式拉曼光谱仪对部分头孢菌素类药品主成分的识别能力。
Benemid is recommended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy.
丙磺舒被推荐用于治疗痛风及痛风关节炎，及在强化抗感染治疗时增加并延长青霉素类及头孢菌素类的血浆浓度。
The high molecular weight impurities in cephalosporins are the sensibilisinogen causing tacho-anaphylactic reaction and the emphasis in pharmaceutical analytical stu***s.
头孢菌素类抗生素中的高分子杂质是引发速发型过敏反应的过敏原，是药物分析研究的重点。
Objective:To delineate the characteristics and regularities of allergic shock induced by cephalosporins so as to prevent its recurrence and promote the rational use of drugs.
目的：探讨头孢菌素类抗生素致过敏性休克的特点和规律，以预防或避免其重复发生，促进临床合理用药。
Methods:310 cases of reports of adverse reactions due to cephalosporins were retrospectively analyzed.
方法：对310例头孢菌素类药物不良反应进行回顾性调查。
In this paper, injection and controlled assembling methods are used to prepare liposomes of the third generational cephalosporins-ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.
使用注射法和可控组装法制备了第三代头孢菌素类抗生素头孢曲松钠及头孢噻肟钠脂质体。
The situation and change tendency of Cephalosporins used in our hospital was clarified in 2005, in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.
目的了解该院住院病人2005年头孢菌素类抗生素的使用现状，为临床合理用药提供依据。
Methods Massive dosage of Norfloxacin was compared with Cephalosporins and Penicillin in treating gonorrhea.
方法大剂量服用诺氟沙星胶囊与头孢霉素、青霉素类疗效比较；
Among the 88 cases of enterococcal infection in 2003,70 cases had been treated with cephalosporins (79%).
2003年肠球菌感染的88例病例中，应用头孢菌素类抗生素者为70例，占79%。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the supply situation of cephalosporins in 7 hospitals in Wuhan city.
目的：调查并分析武汉市7家医院头孢菌素类抗生素的供应情况。
Objective To investigate bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in the back- ground of extensive employment of third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of burn infection.
目的研究烧伤中心广泛应用第三代头孢菌素背景下细菌耐药性。
RESULTS:The preparation of intradermal test solution of cephalosporins, the skin test method and the criteria in judgement were put forward for references of clinic.
结果提出头孢菌素类药物的皮试液配制和皮试方法以及判断标准。
Objective: To study intradermal test of cephalosporins in order to provide pharmaceutical care for doctors.
前言：目的：研究头孢菌素的皮试问题，为临床医师提供药学服务。
CONCLUSION:Drug sensitivity test should be done before administration of cephalosporins so as to prevent drug allergy and ensure the safety of drug use.
结论在使用头孢菌素类药物前用拟用药物本身进行皮试，可防止药物过敏反应，确保其使用的安全性。
AMR has become a serious problem for treatment of gonorrhoea (caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae), involving even last-line oral cephalosporins, and is increasing in prevalence worldwide.
抗菌素耐药性已成为淋病（由淋球菌引起）治疗面临的一个严重问题，甚至涉及“最后防线”的口服头孢菌素，这种状况在世界范围内的流行日益加大。
Susceptibility to the second, third and fourth generation cephalosporins was relatively higher.
第二、第三、第四代头孢的药物敏感性逐渐升高；
Given the critical importance of the cephalosporin class of drugs to human medicine, we ask that you quickly reissue the prohibition on the extra-label use of cephalosporins in food producing animals.
由于头孢菌素在人用药品上非常重要，我们要求你尽快重新发布对食品生产的动物使用头孢菌素的‘超出标签用法’的禁令。
METHODS:Literature regarding the concentration of intradermal test solution of cephalosporins and the anaphylactic mechanism were reviewed.
方法查阅相关文献，对头孢菌素皮试液浓度及其过敏反应的机制进行探讨。
The results showed that the method is suitable for the determination of residues of Cephalosporins in pork.
大量的实验结果表明，该方法适合于猪肉中头孢类抗生素残留的测定。
Methods: The cephalosporins used in the hospital from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed in respect of kinds, consumption sum, DDDs and DDDc.
方法：对2006～2008年我院头孢菌素的品种、用药金额、用药频度和限定日费用等进行统计分析。
头孢菌素（cephalosporins）是一类β-内酰胺类抗生素，通过抑制细菌细胞壁合成发挥杀菌作用。这类药物最初于1948年从意大利撒丁岛海岸的污水样本中分离出的顶头孢霉菌（Cephalosporium acremonium）中发现，其化学结构核心为7-氨基头孢烷酸（7-ACA）。
根据抗菌谱和研发时间，头孢菌素分为五代：
临床应用中，头孢菌素广泛用于治疗肺炎、皮肤软组织感染、尿路感染及手术预防感染。世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单（2023版）将部分头孢菌素列为必需药物，强调其在中重度感染治疗中的核心地位。使用需注意过敏反应风险，约10%对青霉素过敏者可能出现交叉过敏，需严格遵循《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》进行皮试和剂量调整。
cephalosporins（头孢菌素）是一类广谱抗生素，属于β-内酰胺类药物，主要用于治疗细菌感染。以下是详细解释：
定义与来源
cephalosporins源自真菌Cephalosporium，其化学结构与青霉素类似，但具有更广泛的抗菌谱。单数形式为cephalosporin，复数形式cephalosporins通常指代整个药物类别。
作用机制
通过抑制细菌细胞壁合成来杀灭细菌，尤其对革兰氏阳性菌和部分革兰氏阴性菌有效。
分类与代际
根据抗菌谱和开发时间分为五代：
临床应用
常用于呼吸道、皮肤、尿路感染及手术预防感染。部分品种（如头孢他啶）对铜绿假单胞菌有效。
注意事项
扩展补充：头孢菌素C是天然原型，通过化学修饰衍生出多种半合成药物，以增强稳定性和疗效。如需更完整的药物列表或适应症，可参考专业医学数据库。
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