
【化】 Kelvin model
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【化】 carat
【医】 carat
like so; you
character; civil; gentle; language; paint over; writing
former; matrix; model; mould; pattern
【计】 Cook-Torrance model; GT model GT; MOD; model; mosel
【医】 cast; model; mold; mould; pattern; phantom
【经】 matrices; matrix; model; pattern
开尔文模型(Kelvin Model)是流变学中描述粘弹性材料行为的经典力学模型之一,其核心特点是通过并联的弹簧和粘壶元件模拟材料的延迟弹性响应。以下是综合多个权威来源的详细解释:
开尔文模型由弹簧(弹性元件)和粘壶(阻尼元件)并联组成:
模型的总应力为两元件应力之和,推导出微分方程形式的本构关系: $$ σ = Eε + ηfrac{dε}{dt} $$ 其中,E为弹性模量,η为粘性系数。
在恒定应力σ₀作用下,模型的应变随时间逐渐增加并趋于稳定,表现为延迟弹性: $$ ε(t) = frac{σ₀}{E} left(1 - e^{-t/tau}right) $$ 式中,τ = η/E为松弛时间常数,反映应变达到稳态值的快慢。
与麦克斯韦模型(弹簧与粘壶串联)不同,开尔文模型更适用于以粘性为主导的延迟弹性材料,如沥青、生物软组织等。
如需进一步了解具体方程的推导或实验验证方法,可参考百度文库的流变学教材(来源4/5/7)。
开尔文模型在英文中的拼音为"Kelvin model"。该模型是一种用来描述复杂物质的物理学模型。它通常用于描述固体物质、膜、流体等状态下的非线性行为和动态特性。
The Kelvin model, also known as the linear solid model, is a viscoelastic model used to describe the behavior of complex materials, including solids, membranes, and fluids. It incorporates both a spring and a dashpot element to describe a material's elastic and viscous properties, respectively.
英文单词“Kelvin”读音为kɛlvɪn。
The Kelvin model is commonly used in physics and engineering to model the behavior of materials subjected to applied forces or stresses. It can provide insight into the dynamic response and non-linear behavior of complex systems, such as the deformation of solids or flow of fluids.
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The word "Kelvin" has a relatively high frequency of use in scientific and technical literature, but is not commonly encountered in everyday English conversation or writing.
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