
[水利] 上游坡;上游坡度
In design of homogeneous earth dam, sudden drawdown of water level is always a control condition for stability of upstream slope.
在均质土坝设计中,水位骤降通常是上游边坡稳定计算时需控制的工况。
With the development of concrete face slab dam, the upstream slope construction is a key factor affecting the schedule and quality of construction.
在混凝土面板坝的发展过程中,上游坡面的施工始终是一个控制进度和影响质量的关键环节。
This paper introduced the cause reason for freezing damage at upstream slope protection of the earth dams, as well, prevention measures were discussed, for reference.
对土坝上游护坡冻害的产生原因及防治对策进行了探讨,仅供参考。
Since 1970s, the vibroflotation technique was introduced into China for soft foundation strengthening with better results but without application in upstream slope in sanded shell dams.
振冲技术自70年代引入我国以来用于软基加固效果较好,但应用于砂壳坝上游坝坡尚未见工程实例。
The concrete crushing type sidewall technology is a new method for constructing the upstream side slope of concrete face rockfill dam.
混凝土挤压式边墙技术是混凝土面板堆石坝上游坡面施工的新方法。
在水利工程和土木工程领域中,"upstream slope"指水坝、堤防或其他挡水结构上游侧(即迎水面)的斜坡面。这一结构的主要功能是抵御水流冲击、减少波浪侵蚀,并通过合理的设计角度与材料选择维持整体稳定性。例如混凝土重力坝的上游坡通常接近垂直,而土石坝则采用缓坡设计以分散水压。
从工程力学角度,其设计需满足两个核心公式: $$ F_s = frac{tau_f}{tau_d} $$ $$ tau_d = gamma_w h cdot sintheta $$ 式中$F_s$为安全系数,$tau_f$为抗剪强度,$tau_d$为作用剪应力,$gamma_w$为水的容重,$h$为水深,$theta$为坡角。美国土木工程师学会(ASCE)《坝体设计规范》强调该值需大于1.5。
实际工程中,上游坡常采用防渗面板(如沥青混凝土)或抛石护坡。中国长江三峡大坝就运用了花岗岩砌块与混凝土防渗墙组合体系,该设计经国际大坝委员会(ICOLD)认证具有千年一遇防洪标准。
“upstream slope”是由“upstream”和“slope”组合而成的专业术语,常见于水利工程或地理领域。以下是详细解释:
“upstream slope”特指位于水体上游方向的斜坡,常见于以下场景:
如需进一步了解工程案例或具体防护措施,可参考水利工程文献或专业词典(如、5、8)。
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