
n. 紅豆堿
Abrine(阿布裡堿)是一種天然存在的生物堿,主要存在于毒扁豆(Physostigma venenosum) 的種子中。以下是其詳細解釋:
化學本質與結構
Abrine屬于吲哚類生物堿。其化學名稱為N-甲基色氨酸(N-Methyltryptophan)。這意味着它的核心結構是氨基酸色氨酸(Tryptophan),其中一個氫原子被甲基(-CH₃)取代,具體位置在色氨酸的α-氨基(-NH₂)上,形成了N-甲基化結構。其分子式為C₁₂H₁₄N₂O₂。
來源
它最著名的來源是西非的豆科植物毒扁豆(又稱卡拉巴豆,Calabar bean)。這種植物以其強烈的毒性而聞名,其種子中含有多種生物堿,其中最主要的毒性成分是毒扁豆堿(Physostigmine),而Abrine是其中存在的其他生物堿之一。
生物活性與毒性
名稱與詞源
“Abrine”這個名稱可能源于其來源植物毒扁豆的舊屬名Abrus(現在該植物屬于Physostigma屬),或者與該植物在西非的當地名稱有關。這反映了早期植物化學研究中以來源植物命名化合物的慣例。
化學結構式(凱萊克斯格式): $$ ce{H3C-N-CH-COOH} $$ $$ ce{ |quad |} $$ $$ ce{ H quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad quad
Abrine 是一個化學領域的專業術語,主要含義如下:
Abrine(相思子堿/相思豆堿)是一種從植物中提取的生物堿類化合物,尤其存在于相思子(Abrus precatorius)的種子中。其化學式為 $mathrm{C{12}H{14}N_2O_2}$,屬于吲哚類生物堿()。
如需進一步了解化學結構或毒理學數據,建議參考專業文獻或化學數據庫。
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