n. [植] 异宗配合
Homothallic species may produce distinctly different sizes of gametes that can fuse with each other and are thus effectively hermaphrodite. Compare heterothallism.
同宗配合种类可以产生形态大小明显不同的配子，使之能发生相互融合，因此它们是有效的雌雄同体植物。
heterothallism（异宗配合）是一个生物学术语，主要应用于真菌和某些低等植物的有性生殖过程，其核心含义为同一物种的不同个体需要两个相容但遗传类型不同的菌株配合才能完成有性繁殖。以下是详细解释：
基本概念
异宗配合的真菌或植物个体无法单独进行有性生殖，必须与另一个具有不同交配型（mating type）的个体结合。例如，酵母菌的异宗配合类型分为“α型”和“a型”，只有两种类型相遇时才能形成孢子。
分类
异宗配合机制通过促进遗传多样性增强物种适应性，在真菌分类学、农业病害防控（如研究病原菌繁殖规律）及工业发酵（如控制酵母繁殖）中具有重要意义。
如需更全面的学术定义或具体案例，可参考真菌学相关文献或权威词典来源。
Heterothallism（异配生）is a biological term used to describe a type of sexual reproduction in fungi where two distinct mating types are required to produce offspring. In heterothallic fungi, there are two different types of mycelia that each contain one of the two mating types.
The term is derived from the Greek words "heteros" (meaning "different") and "thallos" (meaning "young shoot" or "twig").
Heterothallism is a sexual reproduction strategy in which two distinct mating types are required for the production of offspring in fungi.
[heter-uh-thal-iz-uhm]
Many fungi have a heterothallic mating system, where two different mating types are required to produce spores.（许多真菌具有异配生的交配系统，需要两种不同的配子型形成孢子。）
Heterothallic reproduction is common in some plant pathogens, such as rusts and smuts. （异配生繁殖在一些植物病原菌中很常见，例如锈菌和烟粉菌。）
Heterothallism is a noun.
Heterothallism is a technical term used specifically in the field of mycology (the study of fungi). It is not commonly used in everyday language.
In heterothallic fungi, there are two different types of mycelia: one contains the " " mating type and the other contains the "-" mating type. To reproduce, the mycelia of opposite mating types must come into contact with each other and fuse, forming a structure called a "dikaryon." The dikaryon then produces spores through a process called meiosis, which can be dispersed and germinate to form new mycelia.
Heterothallism does not have any direct synonyms, as it is a specific term used in the field of mycology.
Autotallism (自配生) is the opposite of heterothallism, where a single organism can mate with itself to produce offspring.
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