n. [植] 異宗配合
Homothallic species may produce distinctly different sizes of gametes that can fuse with each other and are thus effectively hermaphrodite. Compare heterothallism.
同宗配合種類可以産生形态大小明顯不同的配子，使之能發生相互融合，因此它們是有效的雌雄同體植物。
heterothallism（異宗配合）是一個生物學術語，主要應用于真菌和某些低等植物的有性生殖過程，其核心含義為同一物種的不同個體需要兩個相容但遺傳類型不同的菌株配合才能完成有性繁殖。以下是詳細解釋：
基本概念
異宗配合的真菌或植物個體無法單獨進行有性生殖，必須與另一個具有不同交配型（mating type）的個體結合。例如，酵母菌的異宗配合類型分為“α型”和“a型”，隻有兩種類型相遇時才能形成孢子。
分類
異宗配合機制通過促進遺傳多樣性增強物種適應性，在真菌分類學、農業病害防控（如研究病原菌繁殖規律）及工業發酵（如控制酵母繁殖）中具有重要意義。
如需更全面的學術定義或具體案例，可參考真菌學相關文獻或權威詞典來源。
Heterothallism（異配生）is a biological term used to describe a type of sexual reproduction in fungi where two distinct mating types are required to produce offspring. In heterothallic fungi, there are two different types of mycelia that each contain one of the two mating types.
The term is derived from the Greek words "heteros" (meaning "different") and "thallos" (meaning "young shoot" or "twig").
Heterothallism is a sexual reproduction strategy in which two distinct mating types are required for the production of offspring in fungi.
[heter-uh-thal-iz-uhm]
Many fungi have a heterothallic mating system, where two different mating types are required to produce spores.（許多真菌具有異配生的交配系統，需要兩種不同的配子型形成孢子。）
Heterothallic reproduction is common in some plant pathogens, such as rusts and smuts. （異配生繁殖在一些植物病原菌中很常見，例如鏽菌和煙粉菌。）
Heterothallism is a noun.
Heterothallism is a technical term used specifically in the field of mycology (the study of fungi). It is not commonly used in everyday language.
In heterothallic fungi, there are two different types of mycelia: one contains the " " mating type and the other contains the "-" mating type. To reproduce, the mycelia of opposite mating types must come into contact with each other and fuse, forming a structure called a "dikaryon." The dikaryon then produces spores through a process called meiosis, which can be dispersed and germinate to form new mycelia.
Heterothallism does not have any direct synonyms, as it is a specific term used in the field of mycology.
Autotallism (自配生) is the opposite of heterothallism, where a single organism can mate with itself to produce offspring.
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