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[遗] 同源染色体
An aneuploid state in which a third homologous chromosome is present in addition to the normal autosomal pair is called trisomy.
除了正常染色体对以外,还存在有第二种同源染色体的非整倍体状态,被称为三体性。
The prophase of primary spermatocyte would appear synaptonemal complex, which should been the symbol that the homologous chromosome carried through the change of homologous gene.
黄颡鱼初级精母细胞的前期出现联会复合体,应是同源染色体之间进行同源基因交换的标志。
An allele is one of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a homologous chromosome.
等位基因是位于同源染色体上同一位置的相同基因的不同形式。
These observations clarify that the PAIR1 protein plays an essential role in establishment of homologous chromosome pairing in rice meiosis.
这些结果阐明了PAIR1蛋白在水稻减数分裂的同源染色体配对过程中发挥了关键作用。
Genetics used of a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis .
属于一种染色体的,在染色体结合过程中不与它的对等染色体配对或结合的。
Each homologous chromosome group has three homologous chromosomes.
每个染色体小组均由三条同源染色体组成。
Homologous chromosome pairing in both F_1 and F_2 PMC's was observed.
对F_1和F_2花粉母细胞(PMC)的部分同源染色体配对进行了观察。
According to the characteristics of replication bands in each chromosome, homologous chromosomes can be identified;
每一染色体皆有其独特的带纹特征,据此可初步将它与其它染色体相互区分;
Results The PMD11 and PMD16 transformants were obtained, capable of metabolizing methanol as sole carbon resource through non homologous integration into the yeast chromosome.
结果获得了经非同源重组整合到酵母染色体上的能有效利用甲醇作为唯一碳源的PMD11和PMD16转化株。
In contrast, during anaphase I, the centromeres do not split: the entire maternal chromosome of a homologous pair is pulled to one end, and the paternal chromosome is pulled to the other end.
相反,在减一后期,姐妹染色单体并不分离:同源染色体内的所有母方的染色体被分向一极,所有父方的染色体被分向另一极。
They were selected for sequencing and hybridization. They showed highly homologous to some regions of Human chromosome 1 and 14, but the fragments functions are unknown.
这些片断高度同源于1号和14号人类染色体上的某些区域,但功能目前尚不清楚,有可能与抑糖尿病基因有关。
And the RSG6 gene is localized on the chromosome 8 and 10 of Oryza sativa L. with one copy for each; its homologous fragments exist also on the chromosome 4 and 12 of rice.
我们对该基因进行生物信息学分析,发现RSG6在水稻第8、10号染色体上各有一个完整的拷贝,其同源性片段也出现在第4、12号染色体上。
We start with these fragments, and then we have a homologous recombination system that reassembles those into a chromosome.
我们以这些片段开始,然后通过同源重组将其组合到染色体中。
Structure formed during homologous recombination connection of single strands of one chromosome to the other chromosome .
在同源重组中一条染色体的单链与另一条染色体的单链连接形成的结构。
The chromosome No. 11 is a pair of homologous chromosomes with Ag-NORs, and the position of Ag-NORs in female and male is identical.
第11号染色体是一对具有银染核仁形成区的同源染色体,且雌雄个体的银染位置相同。
There are so many important genes on every chromosome that the loss of both members of a homologous pair would be fatal, wouldn’t even get past embryonic development.
每一条染色体上都包含了数量巨大的重要基因,而同时丢失一对同源染色体将是致命的,生命甚至通不过胚胎发育期。
Locus (pl. loci) The position of a gene on a chromosome. Alleles of the same gene occupy the equivalent locus on homologous chromosomes.
基因位点,基因座:基因在染色体上的位置。等位基因位于同源染色体相对应的位点上。
Recombinant chromosome --- A chromosome that results from exchange of reciprocal segments by crossing over between a homologous pair of parental chromosomes during meiosis.
在减数分裂时期,亲代同源染色体交换后形成的染色体。
同源染色体(homologous chromosomes)是指细胞中一对形态、大小和结构基本相同,且携带控制相同性状基因的染色体。这对染色体一条来自父本,一条来自母本,在减数分裂过程中会进行配对(联会)和遗传物质的交换(交叉互换),是遗传物质重组和生物遗传多样性的基础。
核心特征与功能:
形态与遗传同源性:
减数分裂中的关键作用:
等位基因的载体:
实例: 在人类体细胞(二倍体)中,共有23对(46条)染色体。其中22对是常染色体(autosomes),每对都是同源染色体;第23对是性染色体(sex chromosomes),在女性(XX)中,X染色体是同源的;在男性(XY)中,X和Y染色体形态、大小不同,携带的基因大部分也不同源,仅在假常染色体区 (pseudoautosomal regions, PARs) 有同源性,能进行配对和交换。
遗传学意义: 同源染色体的行为是理解遗传三大定律(分离定律、自由组合定律、连锁与交换定律)的核心细胞学基础。它们在减数分裂中的配对、交换和分离,直接导致了后代遗传组成的多样性和变异,是生物进化和适应环境的重要机制。同源染色体结构或数目异常(如非整倍体、易位)是许多遗传疾病的根源。
来源: 解释基于遗传学核心概念,参考了如美国国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI)、Nature Education 的《Scitable》等权威遗传学教育资源中关于染色体结构与功能、减数分裂和遗传定律的阐述。同源染色体是二倍体生物遗传物质传递和重组的核心结构单元。
同源染色体(Homologous Chromosomes)是二倍体生物细胞中一对形态、大小和基因排列相似的染色体,分别来自父方和母方。它们在遗传和细胞分裂过程中具有重要作用,以下是详细解释:
同源染色体是遗传信息传递的核心结构,通过交叉互换和分离机制,保障了生物遗传的稳定性与多样性。理解这一概念对学习遗传学、进化论及疾病机制至关重要。
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