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[遺] 同源染色體
An aneuploid state in which a third homologous chromosome is present in addition to the normal autosomal pair is called trisomy.
除了正常染色體對以外,還存在有第二種同源染色體的非整倍體狀态,被稱為三體性。
The prophase of primary spermatocyte would appear synaptonemal complex, which should been the symbol that the homologous chromosome carried through the change of homologous gene.
黃颡魚初級精母細胞的前期出現聯會複合體,應是同源染色體之間進行同源基因交換的标志。
An allele is one of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a homologous chromosome.
等位基因是位于同源染色體上同一位置的相同基因的不同形式。
These observations clarify that the PAIR1 protein plays an essential role in establishment of homologous chromosome pairing in rice meiosis.
這些結果闡明了PAIR1蛋白在水稻減數分裂的同源染色體配對過程中發揮了關鍵作用。
Genetics used of a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis .
屬于一種染色體的,在染色體結合過程中不與它的對等染色體配對或結合的。
Each homologous chromosome group has three homologous chromosomes.
每個染色體小組均由三條同源染色體組成。
Homologous chromosome pairing in both F_1 and F_2 PMC's was observed.
對F_1和F_2花粉母細胞(PMC)的部分同源染色體配對進行了觀察。
According to the characteristics of replication bands in each chromosome, homologous chromosomes can be identified;
每一染色體皆有其獨特的帶紋特征,據此可初步将它與其它染色體相互區分;
Results The PMD11 and PMD16 transformants were obtained, capable of metabolizing methanol as sole carbon resource through non homologous integration into the yeast chromosome.
結果獲得了經非同源重組整合到酵母染色體上的能有效利用甲醇作為唯一碳源的PMD11和PMD16轉化株。
In contrast, during anaphase I, the centromeres do not split: the entire maternal chromosome of a homologous pair is pulled to one end, and the paternal chromosome is pulled to the other end.
相反,在減一後期,姐妹染色單體并不分離:同源染色體内的所有母方的染色體被分向一極,所有父方的染色體被分向另一極。
They were selected for sequencing and hybridization. They showed highly homologous to some regions of Human chromosome 1 and 14, but the fragments functions are unknown.
這些片斷高度同源于1號和14號人類染色體上的某些區域,但功能目前尚不清楚,有可能與抑糖尿病基因有關。
And the RSG6 gene is localized on the chromosome 8 and 10 of Oryza sativa L. with one copy for each; its homologous fragments exist also on the chromosome 4 and 12 of rice.
我們對該基因進行生物信息學分析,發現RSG6在水稻第8、10號染色體上各有一個完整的拷貝,其同源性片段也出現在第4、12號染色體上。
We start with these fragments, and then we have a homologous recombination system that reassembles those into a chromosome.
我們以這些片段開始,然後通過同源重組将其組合到染色體中。
Structure formed during homologous recombination connection of single strands of one chromosome to the other chromosome .
在同源重組中一條染色體的單鍊與另一條染色體的單鍊連接形成的結構。
The chromosome No. 11 is a pair of homologous chromosomes with Ag-NORs, and the position of Ag-NORs in female and male is identical.
第11號染色體是一對具有銀染核仁形成區的同源染色體,且雌雄個體的銀染位置相同。
There are so many important genes on every chromosome that the loss of both members of a homologous pair would be fatal, wouldn’t even get past embryonic development.
每一條染色體上都包含了數量巨大的重要基因,而同時丢失一對同源染色體将是緻命的,生命甚至通不過胚胎發育期。
Locus (pl. loci) The position of a gene on a chromosome. Alleles of the same gene occupy the equivalent locus on homologous chromosomes.
基因位點,基因座:基因在染色體上的位置。等位基因位于同源染色體相對應的位點上。
Recombinant chromosome --- A chromosome that results from exchange of reciprocal segments by crossing over between a homologous pair of parental chromosomes during meiosis.
在減數分裂時期,親代同源染色體交換後形成的染色體。
同源染色體(homologous chromosomes)是指細胞中一對形态、大小和結構基本相同,且攜帶控制相同性狀基因的染色體。這對染色體一條來自父本,一條來自母本,在減數分裂過程中會進行配對(聯會)和遺傳物質的交換(交叉互換),是遺傳物質重組和生物遺傳多樣性的基礎。
核心特征與功能:
形态與遺傳同源性:
減數分裂中的關鍵作用:
等位基因的載體:
實例: 在人類體細胞(二倍體)中,共有23對(46條)染色體。其中22對是常染色體(autosomes),每對都是同源染色體;第23對是性染色體(sex chromosomes),在女性(XX)中,X染色體是同源的;在男性(XY)中,X和Y染色體形态、大小不同,攜帶的基因大部分也不同源,僅在假常染色體區 (pseudoautosomal regions, PARs) 有同源性,能進行配對和交換。
遺傳學意義: 同源染色體的行為是理解遺傳三大定律(分離定律、自由組合定律、連鎖與交換定律)的核心細胞學基礎。它們在減數分裂中的配對、交換和分離,直接導緻了後代遺傳組成的多樣性和變異,是生物進化和適應環境的重要機制。同源染色體結構或數目異常(如非整倍體、易位)是許多遺傳疾病的根源。
來源: 解釋基于遺傳學核心概念,參考了如美國國家生物技術信息中心 (NCBI)、Nature Education 的《Scitable》等權威遺傳學教育資源中關于染色體結構與功能、減數分裂和遺傳定律的闡述。同源染色體是二倍體生物遺傳物質傳遞和重組的核心結構單元。
同源染色體(Homologous Chromosomes)是二倍體生物細胞中一對形态、大小和基因排列相似的染色體,分别來自父方和母方。它們在遺傳和細胞分裂過程中具有重要作用,以下是詳細解釋:
同源染色體是遺傳信息傳遞的核心結構,通過交叉互換和分離機制,保障了生物遺傳的穩定性與多樣性。理解這一概念對學習遺傳學、進化論及疾病機制至關重要。
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