自誇功績、才能。 三國 魏 劉劭 《人物志·釋争》：“彼小人則不然，矜功伐能，好以陵人。”
矜功伐能
指誇耀自身的功勞和才能，帶有自負、居功自傲的貶義色彩。以下從漢語詞典角度分層解析：
核心詞義
“矜”意為自誇、炫耀（《說文解字》：“矜，矛柄也”，引申為自負）；“伐”指誇耀（《論語·公冶長》：“願無伐善”）；“功”“能”分别指功勞與才能。組合後形容人标榜功績、彰顯才能的傲慢态度。
來源：《漢語大詞典》，漢典網。
古籍出處
語出《三國志·魏志·鄧艾傳》：“艾深自矜伐，謂蜀士大夫曰：‘諸君賴遭某，故得有今日耳。’”此處“矜伐”即“矜功伐能”的簡寫，凸顯鄧艾居功自傲之态。
來源：中華書局點校本《三國志》，國學大師網。
| 單字 | 古義解析 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 矜 | 自負，如《史記·淮陰侯列傳》：“不伐己功，不矜其能” | “矜其能”即自誇才能 |
| 伐 | 誇耀，如《左傳·襄公十三年》：“小人伐其技” | “伐功”指炫耀功勞 |
| 功 | 功績，《爾雅·釋诂》：“功，成也” | “汗馬功勞” |
| 能 | 才能，《增韻》：“能，勝任也” | “各盡其能” |
用法提示：多作謂語或定語（如“矜功伐能之輩”），常見于批評性語境，近義詞有“居功自傲”“恃才傲物”。
該詞承載儒家“謙遜”價值觀。《周易·系辭下》強調“勞而不伐，有功而不德”，反對自我标榜。清代王夫之《讀通鑒論》更直指：“矜功伐能者，鮮克終矣”，警示驕矜招禍。
來源：《周易正義》，《讀通鑒論》卷十。
參考來源：
漢語大詞典. 商務印書館. https://www.cp.com.cn/book/30f799f0-c.html
漢典“矜”字釋義. https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%9F%9C
《三國志·魏志·鄧艾傳》. 中華書局. https://www.zhbc.com.cn/book/100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
矜功伐能（jīn gōng fá néng）是一個漢語成語，具體含義和用法如下：
詞義
指自誇功勞和才能，帶有貶義色彩。其中“矜”和“伐”均表示自誇，“功”指功勞，“能”指才能。
結構分析
屬于并列式成語，由“矜功”和“伐能”兩部分構成，強調對功績與能力的雙重炫耀。
文獻來源
最早出自三國時期劉劭的《人物志》：“彼小人則不然，矜功伐能，好以陵人。”，用于批判小人的自大行為。
語法功能
通常作謂語或賓語，例如：“他總愛矜功伐能，卻不知謙遜更得人心。”
適用場景
多用于批評他人居功自傲、恃才而驕的态度，如職場或曆史評價中。
近義詞
自吹自擂、伐功矜能（與“矜功伐能”互為倒序，含義相同）。
反義詞
功成不居、虛懷若谷。
注意多音字
“矜”在此讀作jīn（表自誇），而非qín（如“棘矜”中的讀音）。
如需更完整的文獻例證，可參考《人物志》或《史記》相關章節。
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