n. 國家資本主義
As for capitalism, he called for a new balance between the market and the state and added, the idea that markets are always right was a mad idea.
至于本錢主義，他號令在市場和國度之間建立一種“新的均衡”，他還補充說：“那種覺得市場永久是對設法是跋扈獗的。”
“state capitalism”是由“state”（國家）和“capitalism”（資本主義）組成的複合詞，其核心含義需要從詞源、構詞和實際應用三個層面綜合理解：
State
指“國家”或“州”，在複合詞中作形容詞，表示“國家主導的”。其拉丁詞源與“status”（狀态、地位）相關，強調政治實體的權威性。
Capitalism
源自拉丁語“capitalis”（與“頭”相關，象征財富計量），指以資本私有制、市場導向為核心的經濟制度。核心特征包括生産資料私有化、利潤驅動和自由競争。
State Capitalism（國家資本主義）
指國家在經濟活動中占據主導地位的資本主義形态，表現為：
| 類型 | 核心差異 | 示例參考 |
|---|---|---|
| 自由資本主義 | 政府幹預極少，依賴市場自發調節 | 、5、6 |
| 社會主義 | 生産資料公有制，計劃主導經濟 | （反義詞對比） |
| 裙帶資本主義 | 政商勾結，利益集團壟斷資源 | （crony capitalism） |
如需進一步了解具體案例或曆史演變，可參考經濟學文獻或相關詞條擴展閱讀。
State capitalism refers to an economic system in which the government plays a major role in controlling and managing the country's economy and businesses.
State capitalism is characterized by a mix of government intervention and market-based mechanisms. While the government controls key industries and sets economic policies, businesses still operate under market conditions and the profit motive. This is different from traditional socialism, where the means of production are publicly owned and operated.
State capitalism has been adopted by many countries throughout history, with varying degrees of success and controversy. It is often seen as a middle ground between traditional socialism and free market capitalism, and is sometimes used as a means of achieving economic development and industrialization.
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