
無罪推定
Presumption of innocence was initially an evidentiary principle having the value of human rights protection.
無罪推定最初表現為一種富有人權保障價值的證據法原則。
It analyses that the nature of the English bail system reflects the presumption of innocence and expansion of discretion power of the police.
分析了英國保釋制度的實質是無罪推定與警察自由裁量權擴張的體現。
The first step of improving the guarantor pending trial system be to reconstruct its value system, establish the principles of human rights safeguard and presumption of innocence.
完善取保候審制度首先要重構取保候審制度的價值導向,确立以人權保障、無罪推定為指導原則;
It is necessary to establish the system of right to silence in China to conform to the democratic trend of litigation and create the doctrine of the presumption of innocence.
為了順應世界訴訟*********的發展、貫徹無罪推定原則和切實保護犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人權 ,杜絕刑訊逼供的發生 ,在我國有必要确立沉默權制度。
The same presumption of innocence goes for copyright and privacy.
同樣的無罪推定也適用于版權和隱私權。
The doctrine of the presumption of innocence has become an important principle of criminal action commonly admitted and determined by modern countries under the rule of laws.
無罪推定原則已成為現代法制國家普遍承認和确立的重要刑事訴訟原則。
Chapter III analysis from the Soviet Union to the Russian law on the presumption of innocence and the reasons for the changes.
第三章剖析了從蘇聯到俄羅斯法律關于無罪推定的變遷及原因。
Second part of main analysis presumption of innocence logical organization.
第二部分主要分析無罪推定的邏輯結構。
The presumption of innocence and the reasonable burden to the defendant are the principles in sharing the burden of proof.
刑事訴訟舉證責任的分擔是舉證責任制度的核心問題。
However, in criminal lawsuit area, Presumption can not be brought into play because it is limited by the probability of conclusion and the principle of Presumption of Innocence.
然而在刑事法領域,由于推定結論的蓋然性以及受到“無罪推定”原則的影響,推定的適用受到一定的限制,無從發揮其應有的作用。
For the demand of the doctrine of the presumption of innocence the pretrial detain should only be an exceptional measure.
基于無罪推定原則的要求,作為一種程式性裁判機制的審前羁押隻能是一種例外的、最後才能采取的手段。
According to the presumption of innocence principle, any person should be presumed to be innocent without a verdict from court in accordance with the law.
根據無罪推定原則,任何人未經法院依法判決前應該被推定為無罪。
The presumption of innocence is a right or treatment enjoyed by the accused in criminal justice as well as by everybody of the society at large;
無罪推定不僅是刑事訴訟中被告人的權利,也是社會上每一個人的權利,是一種待遇;
Non-prosecution reveals the principle of innocent until proved guilty and of presumption of innocence.
存疑不起訴是“疑罪從無”與“無罪推定”原則的體現;
It contains three kinds of ideas: The ******* idea, presumption of innocence, rights ensure.
其深深蘊涵着以下三種理念:自由理念、無罪推定、權利保障。
We must admit that the overwhelming volume of indisputable circumstantial evidence far outweighed the presumption of innocence.
我們必須承認,大量無可辯駁的詳盡的證據遠遠壓倒了關于清白的假設。
Must achieve certain proof standard to the presumption of innocence;
對指控的證明要達到一定的證明标準;
It is harmful that the right of silence in western countries results from the principle of presumption of innocence.
輕易地斷定西方的沉默權都是由無罪假定原則必然引申出來的是有害的。
The essence of criminal strict liability is discussed and the proposal for solving its contradiction to the principle of presumption of innocence is raised at last.
最後還論述了刑法上嚴格責任的實質及其與無罪推定原則矛盾的解決。
"無罪推定"(presumption of innocence)是現代法律體系中的核心原則之一,指在未經法院依法判決有罪之前,任何被刑事指控的個人都應被視為無罪。這一原則最早可追溯至古羅馬法"有疑唯利被告"(in dubio pro reo)理念,1764年意大利法學家切薩雷·貝卡裡亞在《論犯罪與刑罰》中系統闡述後,逐漸成為現代刑事訴訟制度的基石。
根據聯合國《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第14條第2款,該原則被确立為國際人權标準,要求成員國在刑事訴訟中由控方承擔舉證責任。美國憲法第五修正案通過"正當程式條款"、中國《刑事訴訟法》第12條均對此作出明确規定。在司法實踐中,該原則通過"疑罪從無"的裁判規則得以體現,當證據不足或存在合理懷疑時,法院必須作出無罪判決。
該原則的确立有效防止了公權力濫用,保障了被告人的辯護權、沉默權等基本權利。世界銀行2023年法治指數報告顯示,堅持無罪推定原則的國家,其司法系統公信力指數普遍高出37%以上。同時,這一原則也構成現代法治社會的重要倫理基礎,要求公衆在司法結論作出前避免對嫌疑人進行道德審判。
"Presumption of innocence"(無罪推定)是法律體系中的核心原則,指在刑事審判中,被告人在被法院依法證明有罪之前,應被視為無罪。這一原則旨在保障司法公正和公民權利,具體内涵包括:
舉證責任歸屬 控方(檢察官)必須提供充分且排除合理懷疑的證據來證明被告有罪,被告人無需自證清白。這一規則防止了司法機關濫用權力強迫被告人自證其罪。
曆史淵源 起源于羅馬法諺"Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat"(主張者舉證,而非否認者),18世紀由法學家貝卡利亞在《論犯罪與刑罰》中系統闡述,後成為現代法治國家普遍采納的原則。
國際法體現 《世界人權宣言》第11條和《公民權利與政治權利國際公約》第14條均明确規定該原則。例如在普通法系中表現為"Blackstone ratio"理論:甯可錯放十罪人,不可冤判一無辜。
實踐影響
該原則通過數學公式可表示為: $$ P(G|E) > theta $$ 其中$G$表示有罪,$E$為證據,$theta$為排除合理懷疑的證明标準阈值。隻有當控方證據使$P(G|E)$超過該阈值時,才能定罪。
in personbulletinbeltedconsecrationdisaccharidedolingFImallardsplankingprodigiesa chapter of accidentscomfortably offcomments onenergy metabolismfolk musicindoor swimming pooloff the reeladulterantanchoreticbargeecollateralizedineutrondrosophilagravidinhartunghologameteimmodestyinappreciationintracavityisodensitometer