
无罪推定
Presumption of innocence was initially an evidentiary principle having the value of human rights protection.
无罪推定最初表现为一种富有人权保障价值的证据法原则。
It analyses that the nature of the English bail system reflects the presumption of innocence and expansion of discretion power of the police.
分析了英国保释制度的实质是无罪推定与警察自由裁量权扩张的体现。
The first step of improving the guarantor pending trial system be to reconstruct its value system, establish the principles of human rights safeguard and presumption of innocence.
完善取保候审制度首先要重构取保候审制度的价值导向,确立以人权保障、无罪推定为指导原则;
It is necessary to establish the system of right to silence in China to conform to the democratic trend of litigation and create the doctrine of the presumption of innocence.
为了顺应世界诉讼*********的发展、贯彻无罪推定原则和切实保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权 ,杜绝刑讯逼供的发生 ,在我国有必要确立沉默权制度。
The same presumption of innocence goes for copyright and privacy.
同样的无罪推定也适用于版权和隐私权。
The doctrine of the presumption of innocence has become an important principle of criminal action commonly admitted and determined by modern countries under the rule of laws.
无罪推定原则已成为现代法制国家普遍承认和确立的重要刑事诉讼原则。
Chapter III analysis from the Soviet Union to the Russian law on the presumption of innocence and the reasons for the changes.
第三章剖析了从苏联到俄罗斯法律关于无罪推定的变迁及原因。
Second part of main analysis presumption of innocence logical organization.
第二部分主要分析无罪推定的逻辑结构。
The presumption of innocence and the reasonable burden to the defendant are the principles in sharing the burden of proof.
刑事诉讼举证责任的分担是举证责任制度的核心问题。
However, in criminal lawsuit area, Presumption can not be brought into play because it is limited by the probability of conclusion and the principle of Presumption of Innocence.
然而在刑事法领域,由于推定结论的盖然性以及受到“无罪推定”原则的影响,推定的适用受到一定的限制,无从发挥其应有的作用。
For the demand of the doctrine of the presumption of innocence the pretrial detain should only be an exceptional measure.
基于无罪推定原则的要求,作为一种程序性裁判机制的审前羁押只能是一种例外的、最后才能采取的手段。
According to the presumption of innocence principle, any person should be presumed to be innocent without a verdict from court in accordance with the law.
根据无罪推定原则,任何人未经法院依法判决前应该被推定为无罪。
The presumption of innocence is a right or treatment enjoyed by the accused in criminal justice as well as by everybody of the society at large;
无罪推定不仅是刑事诉讼中被告人的权利,也是社会上每一个人的权利,是一种待遇;
Non-prosecution reveals the principle of innocent until proved guilty and of presumption of innocence.
存疑不起诉是“疑罪从无”与“无罪推定”原则的体现;
It contains three kinds of ideas: The ******* idea, presumption of innocence, rights ensure.
其深深蕴涵着以下三种理念:自由理念、无罪推定、权利保障。
We must admit that the overwhelming volume of indisputable circumstantial evidence far outweighed the presumption of innocence.
我们必须承认,大量无可辩驳的详尽的证据远远压倒了关于清白的假设。
Must achieve certain proof standard to the presumption of innocence;
对指控的证明要达到一定的证明标准;
It is harmful that the right of silence in western countries results from the principle of presumption of innocence.
轻易地断定西方的沉默权都是由无罪假定原则必然引申出来的是有害的。
The essence of criminal strict liability is discussed and the proposal for solving its contradiction to the principle of presumption of innocence is raised at last.
最后还论述了刑法上严格责任的实质及其与无罪推定原则矛盾的解决。
"无罪推定"(presumption of innocence)是现代法律体系中的核心原则之一,指在未经法院依法判决有罪之前,任何被刑事指控的个人都应被视为无罪。这一原则最早可追溯至古罗马法"有疑唯利被告"(in dubio pro reo)理念,1764年意大利法学家切萨雷·贝卡里亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》中系统阐述后,逐渐成为现代刑事诉讼制度的基石。
根据联合国《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第14条第2款,该原则被确立为国际人权标准,要求成员国在刑事诉讼中由控方承担举证责任。美国宪法第五修正案通过"正当程序条款"、中国《刑事诉讼法》第12条均对此作出明确规定。在司法实践中,该原则通过"疑罪从无"的裁判规则得以体现,当证据不足或存在合理怀疑时,法院必须作出无罪判决。
该原则的确立有效防止了公权力滥用,保障了被告人的辩护权、沉默权等基本权利。世界银行2023年法治指数报告显示,坚持无罪推定原则的国家,其司法系统公信力指数普遍高出37%以上。同时,这一原则也构成现代法治社会的重要伦理基础,要求公众在司法结论作出前避免对嫌疑人进行道德审判。
"Presumption of innocence"(无罪推定)是法律体系中的核心原则,指在刑事审判中,被告人在被法院依法证明有罪之前,应被视为无罪。这一原则旨在保障司法公正和公民权利,具体内涵包括:
举证责任归属 控方(检察官)必须提供充分且排除合理怀疑的证据来证明被告有罪,被告人无需自证清白。这一规则防止了司法机关滥用权力强迫被告人自证其罪。
历史渊源 起源于罗马法谚"Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat"(主张者举证,而非否认者),18世纪由法学家贝卡利亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》中系统阐述,后成为现代法治国家普遍采纳的原则。
国际法体现 《世界人权宣言》第11条和《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》第14条均明确规定该原则。例如在普通法系中表现为"Blackstone ratio"理论:宁可错放十罪人,不可冤判一无辜。
实践影响
该原则通过数学公式可表示为: $$ P(G|E) > theta $$ 其中$G$表示有罪,$E$为证据,$theta$为排除合理怀疑的证明标准阈值。只有当控方证据使$P(G|E)$超过该阈值时,才能定罪。
【别人正在浏览】