[物化] 濃差極化
In the present paper, the reasons of concentration polarization were analyzed and methods for reducing concentration polarization were suggested.
分析了膜分離中的濃差極化現象的産生原因，并提出與此對應的減弱措施。
The phenomena of concentration polarization under the conditions of preferential adsorption and repulsion on the surface of membrane were analysed.
分析了溶質在膜表面優先吸附和受排斥情況下的濃差極化現象。
This paper mainly summarized some recent developments about the technological research on controlling methods of concentration polarization and membrane fouling in microfiltration and ultrafiltration.
本文較全面的介紹了微濾和超濾過程中濃差極化和膜污染的各種控制方法，并比較了各種方法的優缺點。
The new technology is called ion concentration polarization.
這種新技術稱為“離子濃度極化”。
The results also indicate that the phenomenon of temperature polarization and concentration polarization is inevitable during VMD process.
其過程中的濃度極化和溫度極化現象是膜蒸餾過程進行時的必然現象。
The small current of the slow pulse could efficiently decrease the ionic concentration polarization and increase the charging efficiency.
慢脈沖中的小電流有效地控制了離子濃差極化，提高了充電效率。
The essential distinction of EDI process from ED process is the utilizable concentration polarization and dissociation of water.
濃差極化與水解離的可利用性是EDI與ED過程的最本質區别。
Based on concentration polarization-gel layer mathematical model, effects of various factors on ultrafiltration flux rate of glucoamylase solution have been stu***d.
以濃差極化-凝膠層數學模型為基礎，研究了影響糖化酶超濾速度的各種因素。
Concentration polarization.
濃度極化。
A lot of ways could be used to resolve and reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling. In this article, the effectiveness of flow patt…
解決和減輕濃差極化和膜污染的方法有很多，本文着重于流體流動狀态對濃差極化和膜污染的影響進行了論述。
Firstly, the development of the concentration polarization model or the force balance model is reviewed based on the back-diffusion and lateral migration of particles changing with process parameters.
首先是基于溶質微粒反向擴散或溶質微粒的橫向遷移現象分别闡述了濃差極化類模型和力平衡類模型的發展演變過程；
Flux decline is caused mainly by protein adsorption and concentration polarization on the membrane surface.
其衰減的主要原因是膜表面吸附蛋白質以及在膜表面形成濃差極化層。
To reduce or to eliminate temperature polarization and concentration polarization is an important way to improve the membrane separation performance.
降低或消除“溫度極化”和“濃度極化”是改善膜分離性能的重要途徑。
The vacuum membrane distillation for motherwort extract is tested and the temperature polarization and concentration polarization are analyzed.
本文研究了影響益母草真空膜蒸餾過程的基本影響因素，并分析了濃差極化和溫差極化問題。
The humidification and concentration polarization was stu***d with the model.
應用該模型對燃料電池的增濕效果和濃差極化進行研究。
Membrane fouling is analyzed, and that concentration polarization, cake layer and pore blocking are main reasons of membrane fouling are pointed out.
對膜污染問題進行了研究，指出濃差極化、濾餅層形成和膜孔堵塞是造成膜污染的主要原因。
The vacuum membrane distillation for loquat leaf extract was tested and the concentration polarization was analyzed.
研究了枇杷葉提取液真空膜蒸餾過程的影響因素，并分析了濃差極化問題。
Concentration polarization force is the tendency for molecules to build up or concentrate at the membrane surface.
濃差極化力是分子在膜表面堆積或濃縮的趨勢。
The utility model aims to provide a secondary flowing membrane apparatus which can reduce the membrane contamination and the concentration polarization.
本實用新型的目 的在于提供一種降低膜污染和濃差極化的二次流膜裝置。
The methods and strategies of study on concentration polarization and membrane fouling were briefly reviewed in this paper.
簡要綜述了濃差極化和膜污染的研究方法和策略。
Gas concentration polarization can impair the performance of membrane gas separation activity. That phenomenon becomes more conspicuous in high-flux, fi- ning separation processes.
氣體的濃度差極化使氣相分離效果變壞，在高通量、精分離中甚明顯。
The main challenges in cross flow filtering are film contamination and concentration difference polarization.
十字流過濾最大的難題是膜污染和濃差極化。
The corrosion performance of tubes of copper and 304 stainless steel in ammonia solutions with different ammonia concentration are stu***d by electrochemical polarization and weight-loss method.
采用電化學極化和失重法研究了純銅管、304不鏽鋼管于開口、低氧密閉兩種狀态下在不同濃度*********中的腐蝕性能。
Method Serum digoxin concentration was determined with fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA).
方法：用熒光偏振免疫法測定*********血藥濃度。
With increasing the embedded depth of iron wire, the negative shift value of corrosion potential, chlorine ion concentration and corrosion rates reduced, but polarization resistance increased.
隨鐵絲埋入深度增加，電位負移量、氯離子濃度和腐蝕速度都減小、極化電阻增加。
Methods The drug serum concentration in 126 epileptic cases was determined fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The results had been analyzed.
方法對126例癫痫患兒使用丙戊酸鈉達穩态血藥濃度後，采用熒光偏振免疫法（FPIA）測定其血藥濃度，并分析結果。
Increasing concentration flux will enhance the effect of nanofiltration membrane polarization and fouling for spiral membrane , but decrease the effect for flat membrane.
提高卷式納濾膜濃縮液流量會增加納濾膜濃差極化與膜污染的影響，闆式納濾膜恰與此相反；
Method The serum concentration of digoxin in 246 cases was assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA).
方法選擇*********治療的心力衰竭患者2 4 6例，用熒光偏振免疫法測定*********濃度。
濃度極化（Concentration Polarization）的詳細解釋
濃度極化是電化學、膜科學和分離工程等領域中的一個核心概念，指在電極表面或膜界面附近，由于電化學反應或傳質過程的不平衡，導緻局部區域反應物或産物濃度與溶液本體濃度發生顯著偏離的現象。這種濃度梯度會直接影響過程的效率與動力學。
1. 定義與核心機制 當電極上進行電化學反應（如電解、電鍍）或溶液通過半透膜（如反滲透、電滲析）時，界面處的反應物被快速消耗或産物快速積累。若溶液本體中的物質擴散速率不足以補充或移走這些物質，就會在界面附近形成濃度差異。例如：
2. 産生原因與影響因素 濃度極化的産生主要源于傳質限制：
3. 後果與影響 濃度極化對工程應用和理論研究有重要影響：
4. 緩解措施 針對濃度極化，常采用以下策略：
權威參考來源：
Concentration polarization（濃差極化）是電化學和膜分離等領域中的一個重要概念，指因物質濃度差異引起的極化現象。以下是詳細解釋：
定義與成因
當電極表面參與反應的物質（如離子或分子）因反應消耗或生成時，其濃度與溶液主體濃度産生差異，形成濃度梯度。這種梯度阻礙物質進一步擴散，導緻電極電位偏離平衡狀态。例如，電解池中反應物在電極表面快速消耗，外圍物質擴散速度不足時，就會發生濃差極化。
影響與表現
與電化學極化的區别
電化學極化源于電極反應本身的動力學阻力，而濃差極化由物質傳輸速率限制引起，兩者常同時存在但機制不同。
緩解方法
可通過增強溶液攪拌、提高溫度（加速擴散）或優化電極/膜結構來減輕濃差極化效應。
濃差極化是濃度梯度導緻的非平衡現象，廣泛存在于電化學反應和分離過程中，需通過調控物質傳輸來優化系統性能。
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