[物化] 浓差极化
In the present paper, the reasons of concentration polarization were analyzed and methods for reducing concentration polarization were suggested.
分析了膜分离中的浓差极化现象的产生原因，并提出与此对应的减弱措施。
The phenomena of concentration polarization under the conditions of preferential adsorption and repulsion on the surface of membrane were analysed.
分析了溶质在膜表面优先吸附和受排斥情况下的浓差极化现象。
This paper mainly summarized some recent developments about the technological research on controlling methods of concentration polarization and membrane fouling in microfiltration and ultrafiltration.
本文较全面的介绍了微滤和超滤过程中浓差极化和膜污染的各种控制方法，并比较了各种方法的优缺点。
The new technology is called ion concentration polarization.
这种新技术称为“离子浓度极化”。
The results also indicate that the phenomenon of temperature polarization and concentration polarization is inevitable during VMD process.
其过程中的浓度极化和温度极化现象是膜蒸馏过程进行时的必然现象。
The small current of the slow pulse could efficiently decrease the ionic concentration polarization and increase the charging efficiency.
慢脉冲中的小电流有效地控制了离子浓差极化，提高了充电效率。
The essential distinction of EDI process from ED process is the utilizable concentration polarization and dissociation of water.
浓差极化与水解离的可利用性是EDI与ED过程的最本质区别。
Based on concentration polarization-gel layer mathematical model, effects of various factors on ultrafiltration flux rate of glucoamylase solution have been stu***d.
以浓差极化-凝胶层数学模型为基础，研究了影响糖化酶超滤速度的各种因素。
Concentration polarization.
浓度极化。
A lot of ways could be used to resolve and reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling. In this article, the effectiveness of flow patt…
解决和减轻浓差极化和膜污染的方法有很多，本文着重于流体流动状态对浓差极化和膜污染的影响进行了论述。
Firstly, the development of the concentration polarization model or the force balance model is reviewed based on the back-diffusion and lateral migration of particles changing with process parameters.
首先是基于溶质微粒反向扩散或溶质微粒的横向迁移现象分别阐述了浓差极化类模型和力平衡类模型的发展演变过程；
Flux decline is caused mainly by protein adsorption and concentration polarization on the membrane surface.
其衰减的主要原因是膜表面吸附蛋白质以及在膜表面形成浓差极化层。
To reduce or to eliminate temperature polarization and concentration polarization is an important way to improve the membrane separation performance.
降低或消除“温度极化”和“浓度极化”是改善膜分离性能的重要途径。
The vacuum membrane distillation for motherwort extract is tested and the temperature polarization and concentration polarization are analyzed.
本文研究了影响益母草真空膜蒸馏过程的基本影响因素，并分析了浓差极化和温差极化问题。
The humidification and concentration polarization was stu***d with the model.
应用该模型对燃料电池的增湿效果和浓差极化进行研究。
Membrane fouling is analyzed, and that concentration polarization, cake layer and pore blocking are main reasons of membrane fouling are pointed out.
对膜污染问题进行了研究，指出浓差极化、滤饼层形成和膜孔堵塞是造成膜污染的主要原因。
The vacuum membrane distillation for loquat leaf extract was tested and the concentration polarization was analyzed.
研究了枇杷叶提取液真空膜蒸馏过程的影响因素，并分析了浓差极化问题。
Concentration polarization force is the tendency for molecules to build up or concentrate at the membrane surface.
浓差极化力是分子在膜表面堆积或浓缩的趋势。
The utility model aims to provide a secondary flowing membrane apparatus which can reduce the membrane contamination and the concentration polarization.
本实用新型的目 的在于提供一种降低膜污染和浓差极化的二次流膜装置。
The methods and strategies of study on concentration polarization and membrane fouling were briefly reviewed in this paper.
简要综述了浓差极化和膜污染的研究方法和策略。
Gas concentration polarization can impair the performance of membrane gas separation activity. That phenomenon becomes more conspicuous in high-flux, fi- ning separation processes.
气体的浓度差极化使气相分离效果变坏，在高通量、精分离中甚明显。
The main challenges in cross flow filtering are film contamination and concentration difference polarization.
十字流过滤最大的难题是膜污染和浓差极化。
The corrosion performance of tubes of copper and 304 stainless steel in ammonia solutions with different ammonia concentration are stu***d by electrochemical polarization and weight-loss method.
采用电化学极化和失重法研究了纯铜管、304不锈钢管于开口、低氧密闭两种状态下在不同浓度*********中的腐蚀性能。
Method Serum digoxin concentration was determined with fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA).
方法：用荧光偏振免疫法测定*********血药浓度。
With increasing the embedded depth of iron wire, the negative shift value of corrosion potential, chlorine ion concentration and corrosion rates reduced, but polarization resistance increased.
随铁丝埋入深度增加，电位负移量、氯离子浓度和腐蚀速度都减小、极化电阻增加。
Methods The drug serum concentration in 126 epileptic cases was determined fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The results had been analyzed.
方法对126例癫痫患儿使用丙戊酸钠达稳态血药浓度后，采用荧光偏振免疫法（FPIA）测定其血药浓度，并分析结果。
Increasing concentration flux will enhance the effect of nanofiltration membrane polarization and fouling for spiral membrane , but decrease the effect for flat membrane.
提高卷式纳滤膜浓缩液流量会增加纳滤膜浓差极化与膜污染的影响，板式纳滤膜恰与此相反；
Method The serum concentration of digoxin in 246 cases was assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA).
方法选择*********治疗的心力衰竭患者2 4 6例，用荧光偏振免疫法测定*********浓度。
浓度极化（Concentration Polarization）的详细解释
浓度极化是电化学、膜科学和分离工程等领域中的一个核心概念，指在电极表面或膜界面附近，由于电化学反应或传质过程的不平衡，导致局部区域反应物或产物浓度与溶液本体浓度发生显著偏离的现象。这种浓度梯度会直接影响过程的效率与动力学。
1. 定义与核心机制 当电极上进行电化学反应（如电解、电镀）或溶液通过半透膜（如反渗透、电渗析）时，界面处的反应物被快速消耗或产物快速积累。若溶液本体中的物质扩散速率不足以补充或移走这些物质，就会在界面附近形成浓度差异。例如：
2. 产生原因与影响因素 浓度极化的产生主要源于传质限制：
3. 后果与影响 浓度极化对工程应用和理论研究有重要影响：
4. 缓解措施 针对浓度极化，常采用以下策略：
权威参考来源：
Concentration polarization（浓差极化）是电化学和膜分离等领域中的一个重要概念，指因物质浓度差异引起的极化现象。以下是详细解释：
定义与成因
当电极表面参与反应的物质（如离子或分子）因反应消耗或生成时，其浓度与溶液主体浓度产生差异，形成浓度梯度。这种梯度阻碍物质进一步扩散，导致电极电位偏离平衡状态。例如，电解池中反应物在电极表面快速消耗，外围物质扩散速度不足时，就会发生浓差极化。
影响与表现
与电化学极化的区别
电化学极化源于电极反应本身的动力学阻力，而浓差极化由物质传输速率限制引起，两者常同时存在但机制不同。
缓解方法
可通过增强溶液搅拌、提高温度（加速扩散）或优化电极/膜结构来减轻浓差极化效应。
浓差极化是浓度梯度导致的非平衡现象，广泛存在于电化学反应和分离过程中，需通过调控物质传输来优化系统性能。
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