
美:/'sʌtʃ æz/
比如
比如;诸如
That money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation.
这笔钱是用来支付诸如旅行和住宿等费用的
Cities such as Tokyo are spreading out.
像东京这样的城市正在扩展。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
It protects against environmental hazards such as wind and sun.
它防范诸如狂风和烈日等环境危害。
Priority cases, such as homeless families, get dealt with first.
优先事项,比如无住房家庭的问题,得到优先处理。
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
“such as”是英语中常用的举例短语,用于引出具体例子以说明或补充前面的名词或概念。其核心用法和语义分析如下:
基本定义与语法作用
“such as”在句子中作连词使用,表示“例如”“诸如”,用于列举同类事物中的典型代表。例如:Animalssuch as pandas and tigers are endangered.(像熊猫、老虎等动物濒临灭绝)。这里的“such as”引导同位语,具体化“animals”的范畴。
与“for example”的差异
两者均可表举例,但“such as”直接连接例子且不单独成句,如:Fruitssuch as apples are healthy.(如苹果等水果是健康的);而“for example”常以插入语形式出现,需用逗号分隔,如:Some fruits,for example, apples, are healthy.(某些水果,例如苹果,是健康的)。
使用规范与常见错误
在学术写作中,“such as”可增强例证的可信度。例如:Climate change impactssuch as rising sea levels require urgent action.(气候变化影响如海平面上升需紧急应对)。建议优先选择权威文献中的案例作为引用来源。
参考来源:
释义:
词性与结构:
发音:
(1)核心用法
举例说明:
Wild flowerssuch as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
(兰花和报春花等野生花卉正变得越来越稀少。)
- 此时 "such as" 可替换为 "like",但需注意语境中例子的代表性。
引导定语从句:
I'll give yousuch informationas I have.
(我会把我掌握的所有信息都告诉你。)
- 此结构中,"as" 作为关系代词,在从句中可作主语或宾语,且不能用 "that/which" 替代。
(2)常见错误
(1)vs. "for example"
|区别点 |such as |for example |
|--------------------|---------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
|举例范围 | 列举多个同类事物(不可穷尽) | 列举单个典型例子 |
|语法位置 | 紧跟被修饰名词后,无逗号分隔 | 可独立使用,常用逗号分隔 |
|缩写形式 | 无 | 可缩写为 "e.g." |
|例句 | He likes fruitssuch as apples. | Many languages,for example, Chinese, are tonal.
(2)vs. "like"
A writerlike Shakespeare(泛指同类作家) vs. Writerssuch as Shakespeare(特指莎士比亚及其风格)
(1)特殊结构
Don't readsuch poemsas you can't understand.
(不要读你无法理解的诗歌。)
- 此处 "such" 修饰名词,"as" 引导定语从句,强调符合特定条件的例子。
(2)文化联想
日常生活:
She has certain definite beauties,such as her eyes.
(她确有几分姿色,比如她的眼睛。)
科技场景:
Players use a haptic devicesuch as a joystick to control the game.
(玩家用游戏杆等触觉设备操控游戏。)
学术写作:
Archaic practicessuch as these are usually put forward by people of limited outlook.
(这类陈腐做法通常由视野狭隘的人提出。)
通过以上解析,可全面掌握 "such as" 的语义规则、语法限制及文化语境。如需进一步了解其近义表达(如 "namely")或反义结构(如 "unlike"),可参考相关搜索内容。
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