输入单词

常用词典

n. 间接引语

例句

In reported speech, 'I'll come later' becomes 'He said he'd come later'.

在间接引语中，I'll come later变为He said he'd come later。

Reported speech with tense changes.

改变时态的间接引语。

Direct speech is easier than reported speech.

直接引语比间接引语简单。

Use reported speech to talk about what someone else said.

用间接引语谈论其他人说的话。

Free Indirect speech is one of the major types of reported speech.

自由间接话语是转述语的主要类型之一。

同义词

n.|indirect speech;间接引语

专业解析

间接引语（Reported Speech）是英语语法中用于转述他人话语的表达方式，其核心功能是客观传递信息源的内容，同时根据语境调整时态、人称和指示词。该语法结构广泛应用于学术写作、新闻报道和日常交流，是构建可信叙述的重要工具。

一、定义与结构特征

间接引语通过主句动词（如said、explained）引导，不使用引号，需遵循时态一致性原则。例如直接引语"I am studying"转为间接引语时变为"He said he was studying"（剑桥大学出版社，2023）。这种结构包含三个核心要素：

1. 转述动词（如state, mention）
2. 连词that（可省略）
3. 信息内容重组（牛津学习者词典，2022）

二、时态转换规则

时态变化遵循"后退一步"原则，现在时转为过去时，现在完成时转为过去完成时。但转述普遍真理时保持原时态，如"Scientists noted that water boils at 100°C"（British Council，2024）。特殊疑问句转换需使用疑问词引导，如"When does the train leave?"转为"He asked when the train left"。

三、应用场景与权威验证

1. 学术论文：规范使用间接引语可提升研究可信度，如"The results demonstrated that..."（APA格式指南，2021）
2. 新闻报道：BBC等媒体通过间接引语平衡信息准确性与法律风险
3. 商务沟通：避免直接引用敏感对话，保持专业距离

四、常见误差规避

Grammarly（2023）指出需特别注意：

• 时间状语调整（today→that day）
• 情态动词转换（can→could）
• 虚拟语气保留（建议类表达保持原形）

权威参考资料：

1. 剑桥大学出版社语法指南：https://www.cambridge.org/grammar/reported-speech
2. 牛津学习者词典语法解析：https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/grammar/reported-speech
3. British Council语法教程：https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/reported-speech
4. Grammarly语法手册：https://www.grammarly.com/blog/reported-speech/

网络扩展资料

单词/术语 "reported speech" 的详细解释：

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1. 核心定义

Reported speech（间接引语）是语法术语，指通过转述者的视角传达他人话语或思想的内容，而非直接引用原话（即不使用引号）。其核心功能是重构语言行为，需调整时态、人称、时间/地点状语等以适应转述语境。

• 对比直接引语：
  • 直接引语：She said, "I am studying."
  • 间接引语：She said (that) she was studying.

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2. 语法规则与变化要点

（1）时态调整（Backshifting）

当主句动词（如 said、told）为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态需“后退一步”：
| 直接引语时态 | 间接引语时态 | 示例（直接→间接） |
|--------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------------|
| 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | "I eat apples." → He said he ate apples. |
| 现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | "I am working." → She said she was working. |
| 一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | "I saw her." → He said he had seen her. |
| 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | "I have finished." → She said she had finished. |
| 将来时（will） | 过去将来时（would） | "I will help." → He said he would help. |

例外情况：

• 若原话内容为普遍真理或仍在持续的事实，时态可不调整：
  "Earth revolves around the sun." → He said Earth revolves around the sun.
• 若主句动词为现在时（如 says），时态保持不变：
  She says, "I am busy." → She says she is busy.

（2）代词与人称调整

需根据转述者与被转述者的关系调整代词：

• 直接引语："You should call me," he told her.
• 间接引语：He told her (that) she should call him.
• 口诀：
  • 一随主（第一人称随主句主语）：He said, "I am tired." → He said he was tired.
  • 二随宾（第二人称随主句宾语）：He told me, "You can stay." → He told me I could stay.
  • 三不变（第三人称不变）：She said, "They left." → She said they had left.

（3）时间与地点状语调整

根据转述时间调整时间状语：
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|-------------------|-----------------------|
| today → that day | "I saw her today." → He said he had seen her that day. |
| tomorrow → the next day | "I’ll go tomorrow." → She said she would go the next day. |
| here → there | "It is here." → He said it was there.

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3. 转述动词（Reporting Verbs）

除 say、tell 外，多种动词可引导间接引语，传递不同语义色彩：

• 陈述类：state, explain, mention（中性）
  She explained that the process was complex.
• 情感或态度类：admit, complain, insist（隐含主观判断）
  He admitted (that) he had made a mistake.
• 疑问类：ask, wonder, inquire
  They asked if I had finished the report.

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4. 特殊句型的转换

（1）疑问句转间接引语

• 一般疑问句：用 if 或 whether 引导，语序改为陈述句：
  "Are you ready?" → He asked if/whether I was ready.
• 特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，语序不变：
  "Where did you go?" → She asked where I had gone.

（2）祈使句转间接引语

使用 tell/ask/order + 宾语 + to do 结构：

• "Close the door." → He told me to close the door.

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5. 实际应用与文化意义

• 学术与新闻写作：间接引语广泛用于避免直接引用，增强客观性。
  The study reported that 70% of participants improved.
• 日常交流：简化复杂对话，如 She mentioned she’d call later.
• 文学创作：通过转述传递角色心理或隐藏信息，如 He claimed he was innocent, but his eyes betrayed him.

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Reported speech 是语言中转述他人话语的核心机制，需综合时态、人称、状语的系统调整。其规则虽复杂，但通过例句练习（如 提供的转换表）可逐步掌握。理解其语法逻辑后，可灵活应用于写作、口语及跨文化交流中，提升表达的准确性与多样性。

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