
直到…才
Not until they pointed out my fault to me did I realize it .
直到他们指出了我的错误,我才意识到。
Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
直到经历了真正的苦难后,他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
直到最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游相关的活动。
Not until 1983 did another Englishman, Bryan Robson, captain the side to FA Cup success as he did in 1909.
直到1983年才有另外一个英国人,布莱恩·罗宾逊,重现了他1909年的辉煌,再次举起了足总杯。
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到接近信的结尾处,她才提到自己的计划。
"not until"是英语中常用的否定时间状语结构,其核心含义表示某个动作或状态直到特定时间点后才发生。该表达通过否定前置和时态配合传递强调含义,以下是基于权威语言资料的详细解析:
该结构由否定词"not"和时间连词"until"组成,表示主句动作的起始时间与从句时间点完全重合。根据《牛津高阶英语词典》的解释,其本质是"强调动作发生的延迟性",例如:
The baby didn't stop crying until the mother returned.
(直到母亲回来,婴儿才停止哭泣)
主从句时态配合
主句通常使用否定式过去时,从句使用肯定式过去时,如《剑桥英语语法》指出的:"主句动作实际发生在时间状语所指时刻之后"。例如:
They didn't realize the danger until the storm hit.
(直到暴风雨来袭,他们才意识到危险)
倒装句式
当"not until"置于句首时需用倒装结构,如《朗文英语语法大全》所述:"强调时间状语时需使用助动词前置"。例如:
Not until 1997 did Hong Kong return to China.
(直到1997年香港才回归中国)
根据EnglishClub语言学习平台的语用学研究,该结构主要实现三种功能:
双重否定错误
不可在从句中使用否定词,如错误表达:
× She didn't leave until he didn't arrive.
时态混用
主从句时态需保持逻辑一致,如错误表达:
× The movie won't start until the director arrived.
"not until" 是英语中一个强调时间或条件限制的常用结构,主要用于表达某个动作或状态在特定时间/事件之后才发生或成立。以下是详细解析:
表示「直到……才……」,强调在某个时间点或事件发生前,主句动作未发生,且该动作在时间点/事件后首次实现。
例:
She didn't realize her mistake until the teacher pointed it out.
(直到老师指出,她才意识到自己的错误。)
基本句型
主句(否定) + until + 时间/事件
倒装句(强调结构)
当句子以Not until 开头时,主句需用部分倒装(助动词提前)。
例:
Not until she apologized did he forgive her.
(直到她道歉,他才原谅她。)
It was not until... that...
强调句型,突出时间或事件的关键性。
例:
It was not until 2020 that the vaccine was developed.
(直到2020年,疫苗才被研发出来。)
可用only after 或when... finally 替换,但语气稍弱:
Only after the sun rose did the hikers continue their journey.
(等同于 Not until the sun rose did the hikers continue...)
通过结合语境和语法规则,可以更准确地运用这一结构。
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