知识学科
Interest in historical method had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们对历史学研究方法产生了兴趣， 这与其说是因为外部对历史学作为一门知识学科的有效 性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家们内部发生了争执。
Good skills in Management especially communication, analytical, problem solving, intellectual discipline, leadership commitment to result.
有好的沟通和管理技能，分析和解决问题的能力。
Anyway, that shows that I think probability theory does have a long history, but--it not being an intellectual discipline--it didn't really inform a generation of finance theory.
不管怎样，我认为这个传说显示了概率论确实有很长的历史。但这并非一个学科，它并没有形成金融理论。
Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。
B. Interest in historical method had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们对历史学研究方法产生了兴趣， 这与其说是因为外部对历史学作为一门知识学科的有效 性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家们内部发生了争执。
but in the evenings, they learned much more of the intellectual discipline, of what it was to be an artist.
而在晚上，他们学习文化课，好让自己成为一名真正的艺术家。
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
对历史的方法产生兴趣，较少地是通过历史作为一门知识学科来说对它的真实性发生的外部竞争而来，更多的则是从历史学家们自身之间的内部争论产生的。
Interest tin historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
对历史方法的兴趣，与其说是起源于对历史有效性的外部挑战，倒不如说是起源于历史学家们内部的争论。
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.
几个世纪以来，欧洲的各所大学一直以为法学是一门基本知识学科。
Anyway, that shows that I think probability theory does have a long history, but-- it not being an intellectual discipline-- it didn't really inform a generation of finance theory.
不管怎样,这个故事表明概率论,确实有很悠久的历史,但,那时它并非以学科形式存在,也没有对金融理论的产生有过指导意义
Their enthusiasm and thirst for discovery were paired with intellectual discipline and timed perfectly to harness rapidly emerging analytical tools in chromatography and mass spectrometry.
他们对发现的热情和渴望，配合着智能学科以及加倍的使用，很快的促进了分析仪器的出现，这其中包括色谱分析法和质谱仪的出现。
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenges to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们之所以关注历史研究方法的原因与其说在于外界对历史学是否是门学科提出质疑，倒不如说在于历史学家内部的相互争论。
Intellectual self-discipline is required to avoid ignoring important alternatives, uncertainties, decisions, or trade-offs.
明智的自律可以避免忽略其他重要方案、不确定因素、决策及权衡。
Psychology emerged as a scientific discipline within the context of the intellectual history of Western Europe.
在西欧学术史背景下，心理学作为一门科学学科出现了。
The Germans are a great people noted for their discipline, dedication to hard work, intellectual excellence and rigorous reasoning.
德意志民族是一个严谨敬业、勤劳智慧、富于理性的伟大民族。
The development of an academic discipline is a dual dynamic process, consisting of both intellectual and institutional factors.
学科发展史是学科理智史和学科制度史的双重动态史。
It is widely sensed that the discipline has not yet located a path that will lead to a coherent and sustained advance beyond the intellectual territory claimed by modern general equilibrium theory.
大家都普遍感觉到，这个学科还没有走上这样一条路径，它将超越现代一般均衡理论所提出的思维空间，带来连贯持续的进步。
"intellectual discipline"作为复合概念包含两层核心含义：
学科体系层面 指通过系统化方法构建的知识领域，如数学、哲学或物理学等学科体系。这类学科具有明确的研究对象、方法论框架和学术规范，例如数学通过公理化体系建立逻辑结构。斯坦福哲学百科指出，学科的形成需要经过知识分类、方法论验证和学术共同体认可的过程。
学术规范层面 指研究者遵循的思维训练体系，包含逻辑推理、证据验证和理论构建等核心要素。剑桥词典强调这种规范要求学者在论证过程中保持严谨性，通过同行评议等机制确保知识可靠性。牛津学术研究指南中特别指出，学术写作必须符合特定学科的引用规范和论证标准。
该概念在教育领域体现为课程设置的专业化分工，在科研领域则表现为学术共同体的质量控制机制。世界经合组织(OECD)的教育分类体系将知识领域划分为46个学科门类，每个门类均对应特定的智力训练要求。
单词组合intellectual discipline 的含义可通过拆分和语境综合理解：
intellectual（形容词）
discipline（名词）
intellectual discipline 通常指需要系统性智力投入的学科或学术规范，常见于以下场景：
学术领域
"Law has been recognized as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities for centuries."
（几个世纪以来，法律在欧洲大学中一直被视为基础性知识学科。）
能力培养
| 场景 | 侧重含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 高等教育 | 学科分类 | "法律是社会科学中的一门 intellectual discipline。" |
| 职业规范 | 技能要求 | "医生需要掌握医学的 intellectual discipline。" |
| 个人发展 | 思维训练 | "数学培养逻辑推理的 intellectual discipline。" |
注意：具体含义需结合上下文判断，学科性与规范性的界限可能重叠。
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