慢性肾功能衰竭；慢性肾衰竭
In most species, the kidney is both the sensor organ and the major site of ************** production, so chronic renal failure is associated with anemia.
大多数物种中，肾脏既是*********************的感受器官又是产生的主要场所，所以慢性肾功能衰竭会导致贫血。
Method A total of 160 patients with chronic renal failure underwent surgery to create arteriovenous fistulas at different sites, which were closed with continuous suture technique.
方法对160例慢性肾功能衰竭患者，分别在其不同的部位，采用连续锁边缝合法施行了动静脉内瘘吻合术。
Methods:Review of the application and efficacy of clinical medicine in the enema treatment of chronic renal failure, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, intestinal obstruction.
方法：回顾总结在临床中应用中药灌肠法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭、慢性盆腔炎、肠梗阻等疾病的方法及疗效。
Objective To inquire into the hemodynamics effect of hemodialysis treatment to the chronic renal failure patients with heart failure.
目的探讨血液透析治疗对慢性肾功能衰竭合并心力衰竭患者血流动力学改变的影响。
Objective To evaluate the effects of intermittent low-protein ***t on patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).
目的评估间歇性低蛋白饮食干预对慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）患者的影响。
Chronic renal failure is a commonly and frequently encountered disease which endangers the human health and life.
慢性肾功能衰竭是临床上的常见病、多发病，严重危害人民的健康和生命。
Objective:To discuss the nursing experience on the new CAPD pipe connect system and responsibility system nursing in treating chronic renal failure (CPF).
目的探讨新的腹膜透析管连接系统（双联系统）及责任制护理在治疗慢性肾功能衰竭中的护理体会。
Methods:We used the prescription of glucose-free bicarbonate dialysate and applied it to hemodialysis for 185 chronic renal failure patients.
方法：采用无糖型碳酸氢盐透析液组方，用于185例慢性肾功能衰竭患者进行血液透析。
Objective To investigate the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) on lipids in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).
目的观察血液灌流对慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者血脂的影响。
Objective To investigate the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and related risk factors in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).
目的研究慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）患者心脏左室肥大（LVH）和相关危险因素。
Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps polysaccharide (CP) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure(CRF)in rats.
目的探讨虫草多糖对腺嘌呤诱发的慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠的治疗作用。
Objective To study the relationship between immunodeficiency and lymphocyte apoptosis in the patients who suffered from chronic renal failure (CRF).
目的探讨淋巴细胞凋亡与慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）患者免疫功能低下之间的关系。
Objective:To observe effects of Fuzheng Huoxue Recipe on blood growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor(IGF-1) in chronic renal failure(CRF) rats.
目的研究扶正活血方对慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）大鼠血生长激素（GH）和胰岛素生长因子（IGF-1）的影响。
Objective: To observe the effect of sequential colon dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) in early and medium stage.
目的：观察序贯结肠透析对早中期慢性肾功能衰竭（肾衰）患者的疗效。
Results The traditional Chinese nomenclature for chronic renal failure should be Guange.
结果慢性肾功能衰竭的中医病名以关格较为恰当；
Objective To Study the periodontal condition and subgingival microflora in the patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).
目的研究慢性肾功能衰竭患者牙周情况及龈下菌丛分布特点。
Objective:To explore the value of color Doppler power imaging(CDPI)in the diagnosis of chronic renal failure(CRF).
目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾脏的彩色多普勒能量图（CDPI）表现及临床意义。
Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of nourishing kidney and activating blood on chronic renal failure (CRF).
探讨依据补肾活血法组方肾衰排毒颗粒对慢性肾功能衰竭的治疗作用。
Objective To observe the long-term effect of comprehensive therapy on chronic renal failure(CRF).
目的观察综合疗法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的远期疗效。
Case 37-2009 — A 46-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Renal Failure, Leg Swelling, and Skin Changes.
案例37-2009-一个46岁妇女与慢性肾功能衰竭，腿肿胀，皮肤改变。
Objective:To investigate the effect of ligustrazine on ET and TNF in plasma of rats with chronic renal failure (CRF).
前言：目的观察川芎嗪对慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）大鼠血浆内皮素（ET）及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）含量的影响。
Objective: To observe the curative effect of oral use of Bushen Mingmu Yin (BMY) and enema of herbal decoction for type 2 diabetic renopathy with chronic renal failure.
目的：观察中药补肾明目饮内服加灌肠之非透析疗法治疗2型糖尿病肾病慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the acetylcholinesterase activity in serum and chronic renal failure and neuromuscular injury.
目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭（尿毒症）患者血浆胆碱酯酶活力变化与神经肌肉损害的关系。
Objective To observe the effect of Yishen Paizhuo Decoction(Decoction for reinforcing the kidney and discharging the turbid)on chronic renal failure(CRF)patients.
目的观察自拟益肾排浊汤治疗慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）的临床疗效。
To investigate the psychological requirements of the patients with chronic renal failure and explore the countermeasures for psychological intervention.
目的评估慢性肾功能衰竭住院病人的心理需求，探讨心理干预的对策。
Objective:To probe into the mechanism of Shenshuai Capsule in delaying advance of chronic renal failure(CRF)and against interstitial renal fibrosis.
目的：探讨肾衰胶囊延缓慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）进展及抗肾间质纤维化的机理。
慢性肾功能衰竭（Chronic Renal Failure，CRF）是指肾脏功能在数月或数年内逐渐丧失的疾病，属于不可逆的病理过程。其核心机制是肾单位（肾脏的基本功能单位）因长期受损而无法有效过滤血液中的代谢废物、调节电解质和体液平衡，最终导致毒素蓄积及多系统并发症。
慢性肾功能衰竭的常见病因包括糖尿病（约占40%病例）、高血压、慢性肾小球肾炎、多囊肾等。其他诱因如长期药物滥用（如非甾体抗炎药）、反复尿路感染或肾动脉狭窄也可能加速肾功能恶化。
根据肾小球滤过率（GFR），疾病分为5期：
诊断依赖血液检查（如肌酐、尿素氮）、尿液分析及影像学评估（如超声）。治疗目标是延缓进展，包括：
本文内容综合了美国国家肾脏基金会（NKF）及梅奥诊所（Mayo Clinic）发布的临床指南与疾病科普资料。
慢性肾功能衰竭（Chronic Renal Failure, CRF）是指由多种慢性肾脏疾病引起的肾功能逐渐丧失，最终导致代谢产物潴留、水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱的临床综合征。以下是综合多个权威资料的详细解释：
慢性肾功能衰竭是慢性肾脏病（CKD）晚期的表现。其核心机制为肾单位进行性破坏，剩余肾单位无法维持内环境稳定，引发代谢废物堆积和内分泌功能障碍。
根据肾小球滤过率（GFR）和血肌酐（SCr）水平，分为以下阶段：
确诊需结合病史、实验室检查（如GFR、SCr、电解质）及影像学评估。治疗以延缓疾病进展为主，包括控制原发病、调节饮食（低蛋白、低磷）及纠正并发症（如贫血和高血压）。
如需更详细的分期标准或管理指南，可参考临床医学教材或专业文献（来源：）。
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