
【計】 software architecture
software
【計】 sortware; SW
【經】 software
【計】 architecture
Software architecture (軟件體系結構) is a foundational concept in computer science that defines the structural organization of a software system. Its English-Chinese dual interpretation encompasses both technical specifications and design philosophy, as outlined in authoritative sources:
Core Definition Software architecture refers to the set of structures comprising software components, their externally visible properties, and relationships . The ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 standard emphasizes its role in guiding system evolution and stakeholder communication.
Key Components
Evolutionary Characteristics Modern interpretations from IEEE Computer Society journals highlight adaptive architectures supporting AI integration and cloud-native deployments, contrasting with traditional monolithic designs.
Implementation Standards The Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) identifies three architectural perspectives:
This conceptual framework serves as the blueprint for translating business requirements into technical specifications, ensuring system integrity throughout the development lifecycle.
軟件體系結構(Software Architecture)是軟件系統的高層抽象描述,定義了系統的基本組成、交互關系及設計原則。它是軟件開發的藍圖,決定了系統的可維護性、可擴展性和可靠性。以下是詳細解釋:
組件(Components)
指系統的功能單元(如模塊、類、服務),每個組件有明确職責(例如用戶管理模塊、支付接口)。
連接件(Connectors)
描述組件間的交互方式,如API調用、消息隊列、數據庫連接等。
約束(Constraints)
設計規則和限制條件,例如“所有請求必須通過網關驗證”“數據存儲需滿足GDPR合規性”。
分層架構(Layered)
将系統分為展示層、業務邏輯層、數據訪問層,每層僅依賴下層。
微服務架構(Microservices)
獨立部署的服務通過輕量級協議通信,提升擴展性和容錯性。
事件驅動架構(Event-Driven)
組件通過發布/訂閱事件異步交互,適用于實時數據處理場景。
高内聚低耦合
組件内部功能集中,外部依賴最小化。
可擴展性
支持通過增加資源(如服務器)或功能模塊應對需求變化。
容錯性
設計冗餘機制(如熔斷器、重試策略)保障系統部分失效時的整體可用性。
如果需要具體案例分析或架構設計工具推薦,可進一步補充說明。
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