relative pronoun是什么意思,relative pronoun的意思翻译、用法、同义词、例句
常用词典
关系代词
例句
In 'the man who came', 'who' is a relative pronoun and 'who came' is a relative clause.
在the man who came中,who是关系代词,而who came是关系从句。
Is a relative pronoun necessary here?
这里需要一个关系代词吗?
What is the relative pronoun in this clause?
这个从句里的关系代词是什么?
The relative pronoun is often dropped if it is the object.
关系代词作宾语时常被省略。
The relative pronoun is often dropped if it is the subject.
关系代名词做受词时常被省略。
专业解析
关系代词(Relative Pronoun) 是英语语法中一类特殊的代词,主要用于引导定语从句(Relative Clause),连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当特定的句子成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。其核心作用是指代主句中的某个名词或代词(称为先行词),同时在从句中替代这个先行词的功能。
核心功能与特点
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连接作用:关系代词将定语从句与主句连接起来,使两个相关的信息紧密结合。例如:
- "The bookthat you lent me is interesting."(你借给我的那本书很有趣。) - "that" 连接主句 "The book is interesting" 和从句 "you lent me",同时指代 "the book" 在从句中作宾语。
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指代先行词:关系代词必须指代主句中出现的某个名词、代词或整个句子(即先行词)。先行词通常紧邻关系代词之前。
- "I know the womanwho lives next door."(我认识住在隔壁的那个女人。) - "who" 指代先行词 "the woman"。
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在从句中充当成分:关系代词在它所引导的定语从句中必须充当一个句子成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语等)。这是它与连词(如 that 在名词性从句中)的关键区别。
- 主语:The dogwhich is barking belongs to my neighbor. (which 在从句中作主语,指代 the dog)
- 宾语:This is the housethat I bought last year. (that 在从句中作宾语,指代 the house)
- 定语:The studentwhose book was lost is very upset. (whose 在从句中作定语,修饰 book,指代 the student's)
- 介词宾语:The friendwhom I was talking to is from Canada. (whom 作介词 to 的宾语,指代 the friend) / The cityin which I was born is very old. (which 作介词 in 的宾语,指代 the city)
常见的关系代词及其用法
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who:指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(在非正式英语中,作宾语时常用 who 代替 whom)。
- 主语:The manwho called you is waiting outside.
- 宾语:The girl (who) you met yesterday is my sister. (口语中 who 可省略)
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whom:指代人,在从句中作宾语(尤其是介词宾语),用于正式文体。
- 宾语:The professorwhom we admire will give a lecture.
- 介词宾语:The candidate forwhom I voted won the election.
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whose:表示所属关系,指代人、动物或事物,在从句中作定语。
- 人:The artistwhose paintings are famous lives nearby.
- 物:The companywhose CEO resigned is facing challenges.
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which:指代动物、事物或整个主句概念,在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语。
- 动物/事物(主语):The carwhich is parked outside is mine.
- 动物/事物(宾语):The movie (which) we watched was exciting.
- 整个主句:He passed the exam,which surprised everyone. (which 指代前面整个句子 "He passed the exam")
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that:指代人、动物或事物,在从句中作主语或宾语。用法较广泛,常可替代 who(m) 或 which,但在某些特定情况下(如非限制性定语从句、介词后)不能使用。
- 人(主语):The personthat helped me was very kind. (可替代 who)
- 人(宾语):The doctor (that) I consulted was helpful. (可替代 who/whom)
- 物(主语):The bookthat is on the table is mine. (可替代 which)
- 物(宾语):The keys (that) you found are mine. (可替代 which)
关键点总结
- 关系代词的核心是连接句子并指代先行词。
- 它在从句中必须充当一个句子成分。
- 选择哪个关系代词取决于先行词是人还是物/动物以及该代词在从句中充当什么成分。
- that 是一个通用性较强的关系代词,但在正式文体或特定语法结构中有使用限制。
来源参考:
- 英语语法权威著作如 Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman. 中对关系代词的定义和分类有详细阐述。
- 剑桥大学出版社的语法资源 (例如 Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press.) 提供了对关系代词句法功能的深入分析。
- 牛津学习者词典 (Oxford Learner's Dictionaries) 的词条定义也清晰阐述了关系代词的功能:https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ (搜索 "relative pronoun")。
网络扩展资料
Relative Pronoun(关系代词)是英语中用于引导定语从句的代词,其核心作用是将主句与从句连接起来,同时指代主句中的某个名词或代词(即先行词),并在从句中充当特定成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。以下是详细解析:
常见关系代词及用法
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Who
- 指代人,在从句中作主语。
- 例:The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
- 替代:口语中可用that代替(如:The woman that...)。
-
Whom
- 指代人,在从句中作宾语(正式用语)。
- 例:The man whom you met yesterday is my boss.
- 替代:口语中可省略或用who/that(如:The man who/that you met...)。
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Whose
- 表示所属关系,指人或物,在从句中作定语。
- 例:This is the girl whose father is a pilot.
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Which
- 指代事物或动物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.
- 注意:非限制性定语从句中只能用which(例:My car, which is red, is parked here.)。
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That
- 可指代人或物,多用于限制性定语从句(无逗号分隔)。
- 例:The movie that we watched was amazing.
- 特殊规则:当先行词是all, everything, the only thing等时,优先用that(例:All that I need is love.)。
关键语法规则
- 省略情况:当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可省略(例:The book (that) you lent me is great.)。
- 限制性 vs. 非限制性:
- 限制性从句:无逗号,对主句意义至关重要(例:People who work hard succeed.)。
- 非限制性从句:有逗号,补充说明(例:My brother, who lives in Paris, is coming home.)。
- 介词 + 关系代词:正式语境中,介词可前置(例:The house in which I grew up was old.)。
常见错误
- 错误:在非限制性从句中使用that(正确:My dog, which is brown, barks a lot.)。
- 错误:混淆whose与who’s(whose表所属,who’s=who is)。
关系代词通过连接主从句,使句子更简洁流畅。掌握其用法需注意指代对象、从句类型及成分角色。建议通过例句练习巩固,并区分正式与非正式语境中的差异。
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