[内科] 恶性高血压
Thickening of the arterial wall with malignant hypertension also produces a hyperplastic arteriolitis .
恶性高血压的动脉管壁增厚形成了结节性多动脉炎。
Malignant hypertension, a severe, rapidly progressing form, requires emergency treatment with drugs to dilate the Blood vessels.
恶性高血压是严重快速发展的形式，须用药物扩大血管的紧急治疗。
Objective To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of malignant hypertension (MHT) resulted from renal artery stenosis (RAS).
目的了解肾动脉狭窄（RAS）所致恶性高血压（MHT）的发病情况、临床特点和预后。
Malignant hypertension leads to fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries as shown here. The damage to the arteries leads to formation of pink fibrin--hence the term fibrinoid.
恶性高血压导致小动脉纤维素样坏死。动脉损伤引起粉红色纤维素坏死物形成，因此称为纤维素样坏死。
Objective To find out the clinical features and pathological characteristics of malignant hypertension(MHT) with renal damage.
目的观察恶性高血压的临床表现和肾脏病理特点，以增进对恶性高血压肾损害的认识。
One complication of hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis with malignant hypertension is fibrinoid necrosis, as seen here in a renal arteriole.
肾脏增生性细动脉硬化合并高血压，如图发生纤维素样坏死。
Objective To observe the effect of treatment with Urapidil and Sodium nitroprusside in malignant hypertension patients.
目的观察乌拉地尔、硝普钠治疗恶性高血压的降压效果。
This is a different kind of arteriosclerosis. This is hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, which most often appears in the kidney in patients with malignant hypertension.
这是另一种类型的动脉硬化的表现，呈增生性细动脉硬化，常见于恶性高血压引起的肾动脉硬化。
Other underling diseases including hypertension, coronary heart disease and malignant tumor also increased and became new risk factors for PTE.
近年高血压、冠心病、恶性肿瘤发病率不断提高，成为PTE的新危险因素。
Incidence rate of hypertension, stroke, CHD. malignant tumor in the aged has been on the increased in recent years, but the mortality rate has decreased.
近年来，老年人高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、恶性肿瘤发病率逐年上升，而死亡率逐年下降。
Most of the patients belong to non-tuberculosis cause death were following suffer from malignant tumor, renal failure, diabetes and hypertension.
在非结核病导致死亡的部分，大多个案伴随罹患恶性肿瘤、肾衰竭、糖尿病与高血压。
Results Pelvic malignant tumors, old age, blood hyperviscosity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and application of hemostatic drugs were high risk factors for postoperative DVT.
结果发生DVT的高危因素是盆腔恶性肿瘤、老年妇女、血粘度增高、合并高血压、糖尿病及术后常规应用止血药等。
The parameters above measured in different groups including control group, portal hypertension group, choledochus obstruction group, and malignant tumor group were compared.
探讨以上测量数据在正常对照组、门静脉高压组、胆管扩张组和恶性肿瘤组之间的差异。
Pheochromocytoma is an important cause of secondary hypertension, whose pathogenesis is yet to be clarified. It is still difficult to identify malignant cases at early stage.
嗜铬细胞瘤是引起继发性高血压的重要原因，其发病机制目前还不完全清楚，临床上早期鉴别良恶性肿瘤尚有困难。
Thickening of the arterial wall with malignant hypertension also produces a hyperplastic arteriolitis. The arteriole has an onion skin appearance.
恶性高血压引起的动脉壁增厚发生增生性小动脉炎，小动脉呈洋葱皮样表现。
Conclusion Malignant hypertension presenting with renal damage was not very rare. The clinical presentations and prognosis of primary MHT were different from those of renal parenchymal MHT.
结论以肾脏受累为主要表现的恶性高血压不少见，原发性与肾实质性恶性高血压的临床改变及预后均不同。
Malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension.
恶性高血压是最容易导致死亡的一种高血压。
Malignant hypertension leads to fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries as shown here.
恶性高血压导致小动脉纤维素样坏死。
恶性高血压（malignant hypertension）是高血压急症中最严重的类型之一，指血压在短时间内急剧升高（通常收缩压≥180mmHg和/或舒张压≥120mmHg），并伴随急性靶器官损伤的临床综合征。该术语在2022年《中国高血压防治指南》中被归类为需要立即住院治疗的危重病症。
从病理机制来看，恶性高血压的核心改变是全身小动脉纤维素样坏死和增生性动脉内膜炎，这种病理过程会导致脑、心、肾等重要器官的微循环障碍。美国心脏病学会（American College of Cardiology）的专题研究指出，肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）过度激活是主要的驱动因素。
临床表现具有三联征特征：
根据《哈里森内科学》（Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine）的诊疗标准，确诊需同时满足： $$
DBP geq 130mmHg quad text{且} quad text{视网膜出血/渗出}
$$
并至少合并以下任一项：急性肾损伤（血肌酐升高≥0.3mg/dL）、急性肺水肿或脑病症状。
在治疗方面，美国心脏协会（American Heart Association）建议采用静脉降压药物（如尼卡地平或艾司洛尔），目标是在2-6小时内将平均动脉压降低不超过25%，24-48小时内逐步达到安全范围。
恶性高血压（malignant hypertension）是一种严重且进展迅速的高血压类型，以下是其详细解释：
注：更多专业细节可参考医学词典（如、）或病理学资料（如）。
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